Type 99 Grenade

Infobox Weapon
name=Type 99 “Kiska” Hand Grenade


caption=Japanese Type 99 Hand Grenade
origin=flag|Empire of Japan
type=Hand grenade/Rifle grenade
is_explosive=yes
service=1939 - 1945
used_by= navy|Empire of Japan
wars=Second Sino-Japanese War World War II
designer=
design_date=1939
manufacturer=
production_date=
number=
variants=
weight= 300 grams
length= 87 mm
part_length=
crew=
diameter=41 mm
filling=Cast picric acid
filling_weight=58 grams
detonation=Pyrotechnic delay of 4 to 5 seconds.
yield=The nihongo|Type 99 Hand Grenade 九九式手榴弾|Kyūkyū-shiki Teryūdan was an improved version of the Type 97 fragmentation hand grenade used by the Imperial Japanese Army and Imperial Japanese Navy SNLF during World War II. [ [http://www3.plala.or.jp/takihome/grenade.htm] Taki’s Imperial Japanese Army page]

History and development

Soon after introduction of the Type 97 hand grenade to front line troops, a number of issues arose. Instability and inaccuracy of the fuse mechanism made the Type 97 almost as much of a menace to the thrower as to the recipient. Furthermore, the Type 97 was a dedicated hand grenade, and could not be used with grenade launchers. In 1939, the Army Technical Bureau developed an improved version intended to address these issues.

Design

The Type 99 hand grenade could either be thrown by hand or fired from a Type 100 Grenade Discharger. Unlike the earlier Type 91 or Type 97 grenades, the body was not segmented, but was smooth and flanged on both ends. It was also slightly smaller in diameter than the Type 91.

Operation required first removing the safety pin by pulling the cord to which it was attached and then striking the head of the fuse on a hard object, such as a rock or combat helmet, and throwing immediately. Since the firing pin was integral no screwing or unscrewing of the firing pin holder was necessary, as with earlier model Japanese grenades. [ [http://www.inert-ord.net/jap02h/grenades/t99/index.html Japanese World War II Ordinance] ] The Type 99 could also be used as a booby trap by removing the safety pin and setting under a floor board or chair. [ [http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/Japan/IJA/HB/HB-9.html#III] US Technical Manual E 30-480 ]

Combat record

The Type 99 was issued as a standard rifle grenade to Japanese infantrymen in the Second Sino-Japanese War and throughout the various campaigns of World War II. The first examples to fall into the hands of Allied military intelligence were captured at the Battle of Kiska in the Aleutian Islands, which gave rise to the nickname of “Kiska grenade” by American troops. [ [http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/Japan/IJA/HB/HB-9.html#III] US Technical Manual E 30-480 ]

References

*
*
*cite book|author=Departments of the Army and the Air Force|title=Japanese Explosive Ordnance, TM 9-1985-4|year=1953|id= ASIN B000H7NCDS

External links

* [http://www.inert-ord.net/jap02h/grenades/t99/index.html Japanese World War II Ordinance]
* [http://www3.plala.or.jp/takihome/grenade.htm Taki’s Imperial Japanese Army page]
* [http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/Japan/IJA/HB/HB-9.html#III US Technical Manual E 30-480]

Notes