Morihiro Saito

Morihiro Saito 斉藤 守弘 Saitō Morihiro
Born	March 31, 1928(1928-03-31) Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan
Died	May 13, 2002(2002-05-13) (aged 74) of cancer
Nationality	Japanese
Style	Aikido
Teacher(s)	Morihei Ueshiba
Rank	Shihan, 9th dan

Morihiro Saito (斉藤 守弘 Saitō Morihiro, March 31, 1928–May 13, 2002) was a teacher of the Japanese martial art of aikido, with many students around the world. Saito's practice of aikido spanned 56 years, from the age of 18, when he first met aikido founder Morihei Ueshiba, until his death in 2002.^[1]

Early life

Morihiro Saito was born in Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan, on 31 March 1928. Growing up in a poor farming village in the 1930s and early 40s, he recounted having the same interest in historical heroes such as Yagyū Jūbei Mitsuyoshi and Goto Matabe as most other Japanese boys. In the Japanese schools at that time, the martial arts of kendo and judo were taught to students, and Saito chose to study kendo.^[2]

In the years immediately following the end of World War II, the carrying of weapons of any kind, as well the practice of martial arts, was prohibited by the GHQ. As a result, Saito felt he should study some kind of unarmed self-defense technique, and began training in Shinto-ryū karate at the Shudokan in Meguro. After a short time, his work with the Japanese National Railways transferred him to Iwama, and he was forced to find other martial arts training. Thinking judo would be a useful complement to his kendo and karate skills, he began training at a judo dojo in Ishioka. In the summer of 1946, however, Saito heard stories about an "old man doing strange techniques up on the mountain near Iwama." It seemed that people were confused about what martial art, exactly, this old man was practicing, but one judo instructor said the man was teaching "Ueshiba-ryū Judo."^[2]

Meeting aikido's founder

By July 1946, the GHQ-imposed ban upon the practice of martial arts had forced Morihei Ueshiba into an official "retirement" from practice for several years. Ueshiba took this opportunity to seclude himself in the small town of Iwama, and was engaged in the practice of ascetic training (shugyō), and some believe that it was during this period that Ueshiba was perfecting the practice of aikido.^[3]

It was at this time, at the age of 18, that Saito joined Ueshiba for training, which already included then live-in students Kisshomaru Ueshiba, Koichi Tohei, and Tadashi Abe. This early training was quite brutal, but after persevering for several years, Saito became one of Ueshiba's closest students. Much credit is given to the fortuitous work schedule Saito had with the Japanese National Railways, where Saito worked 24 hours on, 24 hours off. As a result, Saito was often the sole training partner of Ueshiba, and had the unique opportunity to train with Ueshiba in the practice of the sword and short staff, which occurred early each morning before the other students arrived.^[3]

Training

Training at the Iwama dojo consisted of a great deal of farmwork. The life of the full-time live in students consisted of prayer each morning before sunrise, two meals of rice porridge each day, and training interspersed with copious amounts of work on the farm. As a result of Saito's 24 hours on, 24 hours off, position with the National Railway meant that he would train and live as a live-in student only every other 24 hours. Eventually, the other live-in students moved away, and when Saito returned from work, he would train alone with Ueshiba.^[4]

Although other students such as Koichi Tohei trained with Ueshiba for more years than Saito did, Saito's work allowed him to train almost as an uchideshi, for long periods as the only student.

From 1946 until Ueshiba’s passing in 1969, Saito served as Ueshiba's assistant in a variety of ways at Iwama while his wife served Mrs. Ueshiba. During Saito’s period as a deshi he taught classes in the Iwama dojo.

Ueshiba's death

Before his death Ueshiba gave Morihiro Saito the responsibility of carrying on the teaching at the Iwama dojo and also the position of caretaker of the Aiki Jinja located in Iwama.

Training methodology and philosophy

Saito's instruction of aikido is particularly remembered for its emphasis upon the basics of aikido, and especially upon the relationship between the armed and unarmed aspects of the art.^[5]

Kazuo Chiba, a live-in student (uchideshi) of Ueshiba at the Aikikai Hombu Dojo in Tokyo, recalled in particular the intensity of the training that occurred at the Iwama dojo,

“

A large portion of the membership at Iwama Dojo consisted of local farmers, hard workers who spent all day in the fields. They had thick bones and great physical strength, combined with a peculiar local character known as “Mito kishitsu,” a type of manliness close to gallantry. Altogether, it was quite an opposite culture from Hombu Dojo in Tokyo. Because it is in the capital of Japan, Hombu’s membership consists of white-collar workers, intellectuals, businessmen, politicians and university students. Any members who came to visit Iwama Dojo from Hombu must have looked pale and weak from city living to Iwama members. Indeed, the Iwama students treated us from Hombu as such and challenged us vigorously. It was a matter of survival for members from Hombu Dojo, including Hombu uchideshi like myself. And Saito Sensei was on top of that mountain, which we had to climb with all our might.[6]

”

Chiba also emphasized Saito's focus upon katai-keiko (固い稽古^?), or vigorous practice without holding back, which Ueshiba taught and Saito demonstrated in his methods of teaching and practice. Apparently, this rigorous training with Saito, which Ueshiba would often observe, also included intense conditioning exercises, as well as general farmwork that students at the Iwama dojo were expected to assist with.^[6]

Other students of Saito attest to his commitment to carry on Ueshiba's legacy, and to follow and preserve Ueshiba's teachings as Saito had learned them.^[7] Saito believed that striking techniques (atemi) are a "vital element" of aikido, and also that the principles of swordsmanship formed the basis of aikido techniques. He also advocated training to cope with the attacks of other martial arts, such as the kicks practiced in karate.^[8]

According to Saito's son, Hitohiro Saito, Saito believed that the basis of all empty-handed, sword, and staff techniques was the mastery of aikido's basic posture (hanmi). Saito believed that once the correct posture was mastered, the next step was to develop a proper kiai (sometimes translated as "spirit shout").^[9]

Legacy

In the beginning of the 1970s, aikido students from outside Japan began traveling to Iwama to train under Saito. Later they would return to their native countries to teach what they had learned. There were also a very few Japanese students of Saito who travelled abroad to live and teach Aikido, such as Takayasu.

The kind of aikido that Saito's students do is often referred to as Iwama aikido or Iwama style. In the West, Saito, along with many of his students, formed a dan-ranking network of dojos called Iwama Ryu, which could choose to receive their grades directly from Saito rather than from the Aikikai although Saito never left that organization.

Saito family line

After Saito's death, his son Hitohiro formed the independent Shinshin Aikishuren Kai (神信合気修練会^?). Some of the Iwama Ryu network dojos joined Hitohiro, while most of oldest Saito's students chose to remain affiliated with the Aikikai, some of which are in several dojo networks called Takemusu Aikido (directed in Europe by Saito's top students Paolo Corallini and Ulf Evenas.

Hitohiro had already been the main instructor at Iwama dojo. Like the Aikikai Doshu, he does not claim a dan rank.

Top ranked students

Saito personally graded two of his students (at the same time) as 7th dan. Both have subsequently had their grades ratified by the Aikikai. This is typically the highest rank which the Aikikai awards to Westerners.

Paolo Corallini (Shihan 7th Dan Iwama Ryu), Italy. Saito Sensei's pupil since the mid '80's, named by Saito Sensei, in his last 10 years, as his official Representative in Continental Europe, as Top Iwama Ryu Shihan.

Ulf Evenås (7th Dan Iwama Ryu), Sweden. Named as his official Representative in Northern Europe as Top Iwama Ryu Shihan.

Other Shihan

Saburo Takayasu 6th dan Shihan, who was present at the last class taught by O'Sensei in Iwama in 1969, trained in Aikido at both the Ibaraki University Aikido dojo and Iwama Dojo from 1967 to 1973 under the direct tutelage of Morihiro Saito Sensei 9th dan. In 1974 Takayasu Sensei travelled to Australia. He now lives in Sydney and has continued to practice and teach the traditional "takemusu aiki" form from the Iwama dojo, in Australia for more than 35 years. He also maintained a close relationship with Saito Sensei over his life and was instrumental in arranging for Saito Sensei to travel to Australia to conduct seminars in 1983, 1985, 1986, 1988, 1995, 1996, 1997 and 2000. The last seminar was attended by over 300 international aikidoka. In 2001, Takayasu sensei took a group of his students back to Iwama for a special training period with Saito Sensei. In 1980, Takayasu Sensei established the Takemusu Aiki Association to formalise the instruction and membership of clubs that had been established by his students (see www.aikidoaus.com.au). Takayasu Sensei continues to teach the Aikido of O'Sensei's Iwama dojo that he learned from his teacher Saito Sensei and grade students under the Aikikai ranking system.

Other students

United States:

Bill Witt Shihan (7th Dan)^[10] , Hans Goto Sensei (7th Dan), David Alexander^[11]

Pat Hendricks (6th Dan)^[12] and Stephanie Yap (6th dan).^[13]

Miles Kessler, and Mark Larson (5th Dan).

Vincent Salvatore (6th Dan)

The Netherlands:

Lewis Bernaldo de Quiros (6th Dan),

Jan Brand (5th dan).

France:

Serio Jean-Marc (5th dan).

Sweden:

Lars Göran Andersson (6th Dan).

Portugal:

Tristão da Cunha (5th dan).

United Kingdom:

Matt Hill (5th Dan), Justin Christou (5th Dan) who studied for more than eight years at the Iwama dojo as an uchi-deshi, Tony Sargeant and Bjorn Saw (4th Dan) .

Australia:

Michael Field (official representative in Australia) and Michael "Mic" Marelli.

Published works

Books

• Saito, Morihiro (July 1, 1974). Traditional Aikido. Japan Publications Trading Co. ISBN 978-0870402876. 
• Saito, Morihiro (December 1984). Aikido: Its Heart and Appearance. Cheng & Tsui. ISBN 978-0887270406. 
• Saito, Morihiro (1994). Takemusu Aikido. Aiki News. ISBN 4900586161. 
• Saito, Morihiro (1997). Takemusu Aikido, Volume 4: Kokyunage. Aiki News. ISBN 4-900586-24-2. 
• Saito, Morihiro (1999). Takemusu Aikido Special Edition: Budo (Commentary on the 1938 Training Manual of Morihei Ueshiba). Aiki News. ISBN 4-900586-56-0. 
• Saito, Morihiro (2001). Takemusu Aikido, Volume 5: Bukidori & Ninindori. Aiki News. ISBN 4-900586-61-7. 
• Saito, Morihiro (2007). Takemusu Aikido, Volume 2: More Basics. Aiki News. ISBN 4-900586-20-X. 

Film

• Saito, Morihiro (2003). Aiki Ken (DVD). Aikido Journal. 
• Saito, Morihiro (2003). Aiki Jo (DVD). Aikido Journal. 
• Saito, Morihiro (2005). Morihiro Saito: The Lost Seminars, Part 1-6 (DVD). Aikido Journal. 
• Saito, Morihiro (200?). Saito Sensei Paris 2000 pt. 1-4 (DVD). Aikishop.com. 
• Saito, Morihiro. 1990 U.S.A. West Coast Tour (DVD). Firelight Films. 

See also

• Aikido
• Iwama style
• Paolo Corallini

References

1. ^ Pranin, Stanley (2007). "Saito, Morihiro". Encyclopedia of Aikido. http://www.aikidojournal.com/encyclopedia?entryID=565. Retrieved 2007-08-04. 
2. ^ ^{a b} Pranin, Stanley (December 1978). "Interview with Morihiro Saito (1978)". Aiki News 32. http://www.aikidojournal.com/article?articleID=199. Retrieved 2007-08-06. 
3. ^ ^{a b} Pranin, Stanley; Dan Palmer (1994). "Morihei Ueshiba & Morihiro Saito". Aikido Journal 101. http://www.aikidojournal.com/article?articleID=210. Retrieved 2007-08-07. 
4. ^ Pranin, Stanley (Fall/Winter 1996). "Morihiro Saito Celebrates 50 Years in Aikido". Aikido Journal 109. http://www.aikidojournal.com/article?articleID=32. Retrieved 2007-08-08. 
5. ^ Pranin, Stanley (2007). "Iwama-Style Aikido". Encyclopedia of Aikido. http://www.aikidojournal.com/encyclopedia?entryID=315. Retrieved 2007-08-07. 
6. ^ ^{a b} Chiba, T.K. (2002). "Remembering Morihiro Saito Sensei". Biran, the Aikido Journal of Birankai/USAF-Western Region. http://aikido-france.net/articles/chiba/. Retrieved 2007-08-06. 
7. ^ Pranin, Stanley (2007). "Remembering Morihiro Saito Sensei". Aikido Journal. http://www.aikidojournal.com/article?articleID=187. Retrieved 2007-08-06. 
8. ^ Pranin, Stanley (1991). "Interview with Morihiro Saito". Aiki News 88. http://www.aikidojournal.com/article?articleID=82. Retrieved 2007-08-07. 
9. ^ Tanaka, Sonoko (1998). "Interview with Hitohiro Saito". Aikido Journal 113. http://www.aikidojournal.com/article.php?articleID=95. Retrieved 2007-08-13. 
10. ^ "Bill Witt Bio". Aikido Silicon Valley. http://www.aikidosiliconvalley.com/instructors/Witt.html. 
11. ^ "David Alexander Bio". Westlake Village Aikido. http://www.iwama-aikido.com/Alexander_Bio.html. 
12. ^ "Pat Hendricks Bio". Aikido of San Leandro. http://www.aikido-sanleandro.com/aboutsensei.html#hendrickssensei. 
13. ^ "Stephanie Yap Bio". Aikido of South Florida. http://www.aikidosouthflorida.com/instructor.cfm. 

External links

• http://www.saitosensei.com
• http://www.iwamaryu.it (website of Iwama Ryu first national association in the world, directed by Shihan Paolo Corallini Iwama Ryu 7th Dan, Saito Morihiro no Kyoju dai Ri)
• http://www.takemusu.org

Preceded by Morihei Ueshiba

Dōjōcho of Iwama Dōjō 1964-2002

Succeeded by Hiroshi Isoyama

Persondata
Name	Saito, Morihiro
Alternative names	Saitō, Morihiro; 斉藤 守弘 (Japanese)
Short description	Japanese aikidōka
Date of birth	1928-03-31
Place of birth	Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan
Date of death	2002-05-13
Place of death	Iwama, Ibaraki, Japan