Rhagophthalmidae

Taxobox
name = Rhagophthalmidae
regnum = Animalia
phylum = Arthropoda
classis = Insecta
ordo = Coleoptera
superfamilia = Elateroidea
familia = Rhagophthalmidae (disputed)
familia_authority =
subdivision_ranks = Genera
subdivision = 7Verify source|date=September 2008, see text
synonyms =Rhagophthalminae

Members of the bioluminescent elateroid beetle family Rhagophthalmidae are closely related to Phengodidae (glowworm beetles) and Lampyridae (fireflies), and were often included in one of these families as subfamily Rhagophthalminae. Towards the end of the 20th century, they were increasingly seen as a distinct family. But they might be the only reasonably close living relatives of the mysterious fireflies of genus "Pterotus", and could eventually end up in a Lampyridae subfamily with these. They were mainly included in the Phengodidae for having similar adaptation for displaying glowing lights. However, this seems to be due to convergent evolution. If they indeed belong in the Lampyridae, they are related to a group of families that have either a distinct type of flashing lights (Luciolinae) or rely exclusively or nearly so on pheromones for communication (the others). [Stanger-Hall "et al." (2007)]

Whatever their relationships may be, Rhagophthalmidae are distributed in the Old World, and little is known of their biology. Females are usually wingless and look like larvae, but have an adult beetle's eyes, antennae and legs; in the genus "Diplocladon", they resemble larvae even more with their small light organs on all trunk segments. Larvae and females live in soil and litter and are predaceous; males may be attracted to lights at night. [Braham & Wenzel (2003), Lawrence "et al." (2000)]

Genera

* "Cydistus"
* "Dioptoma"
* "Diplocladon"
* "Dodecatoma"
* "Falsophrixothrix"
* "Ochotrya"
* "Rhagophthalmus"

Footnotes

References

* (2003): The origin of photic behavior and the evolution of sexual communication in fireflies (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). "Cladistics" 19: 1-22.
* (2000-): [http://delta-intkey.com/elateria/www/rhag.htm Elateriformia (Coleoptera): descriptions, illustrations, identification, and information retrieval for families and subfamilies] . Version of 2005-OCT-09.
* (2007): Phylogeny of North American fireflies (Coleoptera: Lampyridae): Implications for the evolution of light signals. "Mol. Phylogenet. Evol." 45(1): 33-49. doi|10.1016/j.ympev.2007.05.013 (HTML abstract)