Edme Mariotte

Edme Mariotte (Til-Châtel c. 1620 - Paris 12 May 1684) was a French physicist and priest.^[1]

Biography

Edme Mariotte was the youngest son of Simon Mariotte, administrator at the district Til-Châtel (†16 Augustus 1652), and Catherine Denisot (†26 September 1636 due to plague). His parents lived in Til-Châtel and had 4 other children: Jean, Denise, Claude, and Catharine. Jean was administrator in the Parlement of Paris from 1630 till his death in 1682. Denise and Claude, both married, stayed in the Dijon region, where as Catharine married Blaise de Beaubrieul, advisor of king Louis de XIV. Catherine and Blaise lived in the same street, perhaps on the same address, where Jean lived.^[2] The early life of Edme Mariotte is unknown. His title "Sieur de Chazeuil" was probably inherited from his brother Jean in 1682. It refers to the estate of his father, which was first given to Jean. This estate was in the region Chazeuil.^[3][4] It is not clear whether Mariotte spent most of his early life at Dijon, and whether he was prior of St Martin sous Beaune. There are no references to confirm this. In 1668 Colbert invited Mariotte to participate in the "l'Académie des Sciences", the French equivalence of the Royal Society. From that time on he published several articles.

Établissement de l'Académie des sciences et fondation de l'observatoire 1666- Henri Testelin (detail). Mariotte probably 6th from right. Right of him Huygens en Cassini.^[5]

In 1670 Mariotte moved to Paris. The address on a letter found in the Leibniz archive shows that Edme lived in the rue de Bertin-Poirree, near the chapel of the guild of the goldsmiths in the rue des Orfevres in 1677. Perhaps he lived together with Jean and the couple Catherine and Blaise de Beaubreuil. Leibniz wrote that Edme stayed at Mr. Beaubrun's address, but probably he meant Beaubreuil, which sounds quite similar. Edme quitted the Academy in 1681 and died on the 12th of May 1684.

Work

Mariotte is best known for his recognition in 1676 of Boyle's Law about the inverse relationship of volume and pressures in gases. In 1660 he had discovered the eye's blind spot.^[6] A small coin placed in the blind spot disappears from vision, a seemingly magical event that amazed the French royal court when first presented by Mariotte. He was one of the first members of the French Academy of Sciences founded at Paris in 1666. The first volume of the Histoire et mémoires de l'Académie (1733) contains many original papers by him upon a great variety of physical subjects, such as the motion of fluids, the nature of colour, the notes of the trumpet, the barometer, the fall of bodies, the recoil of guns, the freezing of water etc. His Essais de physique, four in number, of which the first three were published at Paris between 1676 and 1679, are his most important works, and form, together with a Traité de la percussion des corps, the first volume of the Œuvres de Mariotte (2 vols., Leiden, 1717). The second of these essays (De la nature de l'air) contains the statement of the law that the volume of a gas varies inversely as the pressure, which, though very generally called by the name of Mariotte^{[citation needed]}, had been discovered in 1660 by Robert Boyle. The fourth essay is a systematic treatment of the nature of colour, with a description of many curious experiments and a discussion of the rainbow, halos, parhelia, diffraction, and the more purely physiological phenomena of colour. The discovery of the blind spot is noted in a short paper in the second volume of his collected works.

Publications

Œuvres de M. Mariotte (1717)

• Nouvelle découverte touchant la veue (1668)
• Traitté du nivellement, avec la description de quelques niveaux nouvellement inventez (1672)
• Traitté de la percussion ou chocq des corps, dans lequel les principales règles du mouvement, contraires à celles que Mr. Descartes et quelques autres modernes ont voulu établir, sont démonstrées par leurs véritables causes (1673)
• Lettres écrites par MM. Mariotte, Pecquet, et Perrault, sur le sujet d'une nouvelle découverte touchant la veüe faite par M. Mariotte (1676)
• Essay de logique, contenant les principes des sciences et la manière de s'en servir pour faire de bons raisonnemens (1678). Texte en ligne Réédition sous le titre : Essai de logique. Suivi de : Les principes du devoir et des connaissances humaines, Fayard, Paris, 1992.
• Essays de phisique, ou Mémoires pour servir à la science des choses naturelles (1679–1681)

Posthumous publications

• Traité du mouvement des eaux et des autres corps fluides, divisé en V parties, par feu M. Mariotte, mis en lumière par les soins de M. de La Hire (1686)
• Œuvres de Mariotte (2 volumes, 1717). Réédition : J. Peyroux, Bordeaux, 2001. Texte en ligne
• Discours de la nature de l'air, de la végétation des plantes. Nouvelle découverte touchant la vue, Gauthier-Villars, Paris, 1923.

See also

• Mariotte's bottle
• List of Roman Catholic scientist-clerics

Notes

1. ^  "Edme Mariotte". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company. 1913. 
2. ^ Guy Picolet p254 in "Mariotte, savant et philosophe", publ. Vrin 1989 (Paris)
3. ^ Guy Picolet "État des connaissances actuelles sur la biographie de Mariotte et premiers résultats d'une enquête nouvelle" in "Mariotte, savant et philosophe", p244-276, Pub:Vrin Paris (1986)
4. ^ Todays Chazeuil in the Côte-d'Or was named Chazeul in those days, while a village in the region Nièvre is known as Chazeuil. See the Casini map of France [1]
5. ^ web site van Kees Verduin
6. ^ Blind Spot and Vision

References

•  Chisholm, Hugh, ed (1911). "Mariotte, Edme". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. 

Persondata
Name	Mariotte, Edme
Alternative names
Short description
Date of birth	1620
Place of birth
Date of death	1684
Place of death