Brockhaus Enzyklopädie

„Brockhaus’ Konversations-Lexikon“, 14th edition, ca. 1910

The Brockhaus Enzyklopädie is a German-language encyclopedia published by Brockhaus.

The first edition originated in the Conversations-Lexikon mit vorzüglicher Rücksicht auf die gegenwärtigen Zeiten by Renatus Gotthelf Löbel and Christian Wilhelm Franke, published in Leipzig 1796-1808. Paralleling other 18th century encyclopedias, the scope was expanded beyond that of earlier publications, in an effort to become comprehensive. This Lexikon included geography, history, and in part biography, as well as the more typical mythology, philosophy, natural history, and so on.

The current^[update] 21st edition contains about 300,000 entries on 24,000 pages, with about 35,000 maps, graphics and tables. It is the largest German language printed encyclopedia in the 21st century. A digital multimedia encyclopedia based on the Brockhaus Enzyklopädie is available under the name Brockhaus Multimedial Premium, which is similar to Microsoft Encarta.

History

In 1808, the rights to the publication were bought by Friedrich Arnold Brockhaus, who paid 1,800 thalers.

Full print editions

Brockhaus advertising at the Frankfurt Book Fair in 2005

Thirteen editions were issued during the 19th century. The articles, often very brief, were considered excellent and trustworthy, especially on German subjects, gave references to the best books, and included biographies of living men.

At first the name of the encyclopedia remained Konversationslexikon or Allgemeine deutsche Real-Encyklopädie für die gebildeten Stände ("General German encyclopedia for the educated"); only with the 13th edition did the name Brockhaus appear in the title, and the present edition is titled Brockhaus Enzyklopädie.

Christian Wilhelm Franke was to finish vol. vi of the Leipzig publication by December 1808, and the already projected supplement, in 2 volumes, by 1811. Brockhaus himself edited the 2nd edition (1812–1819, 10 vols.), and, when vol. IV was published, the 3rd (1814–1819). Dr. Ludwig Ham assisted in editing the 4th and 5th editions until he left Leipzig in April 1820, when Professor F.C. Hasse took his place. Brockhaus died in 1823, and his two eldest sons, Friedrich and Heinrich, edited the 6th edition with Hasse's assistance in September 1823. Hasse edited the 7th edition. Dr. Karl August Espe edited the 8th and 9th editions.

Dr. August Kurtzel, aided by Oskar Pilz, edited the 10th edition, assisted by Heinrich Edward Brockhaus, and Heinrich Rudolf Brockhaus, the younger son, assisted in the 11th edition. Kurtzel died on April 24, 1871, and Pilz was sole editor until March 1872, when Dr. Gustav Stockmann joined, who was alone from April until joined by Dr. Karl Wippermann in October.

The 14th edition was published in 1894, featuring 18,842 pages in 16 regular volumes and one supplement volume.^[1]

Preparations for the 15th edition were disrupted by World War I, and recommenced in earnest only in 1925. Because its 20 volumes (15,800 pages) were published from 1928-1934 which covered the period of the Weimar Republic, this edition is sometimes referred to as the Weimar Brockhaus. A supplement volume was published in 1935.

The 16th edition, published 1952-1957, consisted of 12 regular volumes, two supplement volumes, and one atlas volume.

The latest (2005–2006) full print version of the Brockhaus Enzyklopädie is the 21st edition, with approx. 24,500 pages in 30 volumes.^[2] Prices start at EUR 2,820.

Abbreviated print editions

In addition to the full encyclopedia, several abbreviated editions have been published with increasingly condensed content:

• The 1854 Kleineres Brockhaus'sches Conversations-Lexikon für den Hausgebrauch ("Minor Brockhaus Encyclopedia for Home Use") had 4 volumes;
• The Brockhaus’ Kleines Konversations-Lexikon ("Brockhaus Small Encyclopedia," multiple editions, was published in two volumes;
• Der Volks-Brockhaus ("The People's Brockhaus"), the first single-volume version, was first published in 1931. By 1941 it was in its 9th edition, with 794 pages.^[3]

Transition to digital editions

On February 13, 2008, Brockhaus announced that due to the disappointing sales figures it would make the content of the encyclopedia available online, supported by Internet advertising revenues^[4] and that there might be no more print editions.^[5] This announcement briefly boosted print sales again and the plans to switch to an on-line only edition were canceled.^[6] However, in 2009 Bibliographisches Institut & F.A. Brockhaus AG (Bifab) sold the Brockhaus brand to Bertelsmann, renamed themselves to Bibliographisches Institut AG, and sacked 50 employees of its Leipzig-based editorial staff.^[6] This move was widely interpreted as the end of Brockhaus Enzyklopädie, caused by the competition of Internet-based reference works such as Wikipedia.^[6]

Impact

"No work of reference has been more useful and successful, or more frequently copied, imitated and translated, than that known as the Conversations-Lexikon of Brockhaus," wrote the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica.^[7] The work was intended not for scientific use, but to promote general intellectual improvement by giving the results of research and discovery in a simple and popular form without extended details. This format, a contrast to the Encyclopædia Britannica, was widely imitated by later 19th century encyclopedias in Britain and the United States. The seventh edition of the Conversations-Lexikon formed the basis of the Encyclopedia Americana (1829–1833), the first significant American encyclopedia.

In 2009, Brockhaus had a brand recognition of 93% in Germany.^[6]

Edition history

• 1st (1796–1808)
• 2nd (1812–1819)
• 3rd (1814–1815)
• 4th (1817–1819)
• 5th (1819–1820)
• 6th (1824)
• 7th (1827)
• 8th (1833–1837)
• 9th (1843–1848)
• 10th (1851–1855)
• 11th (1864–1868)
• 12th (1875–1879)
• 13th (1882–1887) Brockhaus Conversations-Lexikon
• 14th (1892–1895) Brockhaus Konversations-Lexikon
• 15th (1928–1935) Der Große Brockhaus
• 16th (1953–1957) Der Große Brockhaus
• 17th (1966–1974) Brockhaus Enzyklopädie
• 18th (1977–1981) Der Große Brockhaus
• 19th (1986–1994) Brockhaus Enzyklopädie
• 20th (1996–1999) Brockhaus Die Enzyklopädie
• 21st (2005–2006) Brockhaus Enzyklopädie (starting fall 2005)
• (2007) Special edition of the 21st edition, with book design by Armin Mueller-Stahl (starting fall 2007)

See also

• Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary

References

1. ^ Brockhaus' Konversations-Lexikon. Vierzehnte vollständig neubearbeitete Auflage in sechzehn Bänden. F. A. Brockhaus in Leipzig, Berlin und Wien, 1894
2. ^ Brockhaus Enzyklopädie. ISBN 978-3-577-90001-0
3. ^ Der Volks-Brockhaus. Deutsches Sach- und Sprachwörterbuch für Schule und Haus. Neunte, verbesserte Auflage. F.A. Brockhaus, Leipzig 1941
4. ^ Financial Times Deutschland (2008-02-13). "Brockhaus kapituliert vor dem Internet". http://ftd.de/technik/medien_internet/:Brockhaus%20Internet/316489.html. Retrieved 2008-02-13. 
5. ^ Noam Cohen, "Start Writing the Eulogies for Print Encyclopedias", New York Times, March 16, 2008
6. ^ ^{a b c d} Marc Neller: Brockhaus beerdigt seine Enzyklopädie Handelsblatt online, 22 July 2009 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/5nuRxm6XV)
7. ^ [1]

•  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed (1911). Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. 

External links

• Brockhaus
• Brockhaus' Kleines Konversations-Lexikon (1911 edition)
• Vollständiges Verzeichniss der von der Firma F.A. Brockhaus in Leipzig seit ihrer Gründung durch Friedrich Arnold Brockhaus im Jahre 1805 bis zu dessen hundertjährigen Geburtstage im Jahre 1872 verlegten Werke, in chronologischer Folge mit biographischen und literarhistorischen Notizen (1872) (Catalogue of books published by F.A. Brockhaus until 1872, including publishing details of the "Konversationslexikon" until the 11th edition) - scan at the Internet Archive