Peggy Whitson

Infobox Astronaut
name =Peggy Annette Whitson


type =NASA Astronaut
status =Active
nationality =American
date_birth =February 9, 1960
date_death =
place_birth =Mount Ayr, Iowa
place_death =
occupation =Biomedical
rank =
selection =1996 NASA Group
time =376 days 17hrs 22min
mission =STS-111, Expedition 5, STS-113, Soyuz TMA-11, Expedition 16
insignia =|

Peggy Annette Whitson (born 9 February 1960) is an American biochemistry researcher and a NASA astronaut.cite web | url = http://www.jsc.nasa.gov/Bios/htmlbios/whitson.html | title = "Peggy A. Whitson (Ph.D.)" | work = Biographical Data | publisher = National Aeronautics and Space Administration | author=NASA| accessdate = 2007-09-17] Her first space mission was in 2002, with an extended stay aboard the International Space Station as a member of Expedition 5. Her second mission launched October 10, 2007, as the first female commander of the ISS with Expedition 16.Cite web|url=http://www.space.com/missionlaunches/070925_exp15_exp15_crewswap.html|title=Space Station Astronauts Prepare for Crew Swap |accessyear=2007|accessmonthday=October 9|publisher=Space.com|year=2007|author=Tariq Malik] Cite web|url=http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,299313,00.html|title=Astronauts Ponder State of Space Exploration|accessyear=2007|accessmonthday=October 9|publisher=Fox News|year=2007|author=Tariq Malik] With her two long-duration stays abroad the ISS, Whitson is NASA's most experienced astronaut, with just over 376 days in space. [ [http://www.spaceflightnow.com/station/exp16/080502peggywhitson.html Spaceflight Now | Breaking News | Whitson describes rough Soyuz entry and landing ] ] This also places her twentieth among all space flyers.

The flight of Space Shuttle mission STS-120, commanded by female astronaut Pam Melroy, was the first time that two female mission commanders have been in orbit at the same time.Cite web|url=http://www.nasa.gov/home/hqnews/2007/jul/HQ_M07096_whitson_melroy_liveshots.html|title=Female Space Commanders Available for Interviews|accessyear=2007|accessmonthday=October 9|publisher=NASA|year=2007|author=NASA] Cite web|url=http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/20761344/|title=Female commanders set for landmark mission|accessyear=2007|accessmonthday=October 9|publisher=MSNBC|year=2007|author=Tariq Malik] Cite web|url=http://www.local6.com/news/14290968/detail.html?rss=orlpn&psp=news|title=History In Space: 2 Women Commanders|accessyear=2007|accessmonthday=October 9|publisher=Local6.com Internet Broadcasting Systems, Inc. |year=2007|author=Internet Broadcasting Systems, Inc. ]

On December 18, 2007, during the fourth spacewalk of Expedition 16 to inspect the S4 starboard Solar Alpha Rotary Joint (SARJ), the ground team in Mission Control informed Whitson that she had become the female astronaut with the most cumulative EVA time in NASA history, as well as the most EVAs, with her fifth EVA. Three hours and 37 minutes into the spacewalk, Whitson surpassed NASA astronaut Sunita Williams with a total time at that point of 29 hours and 18 minutes.Cite web|url=http://www.collectspace.com/news/news-121807a.html|title=Astronauts make 100th station spacewalk|accessyear=2007|accessmonthday=December 18|publisher=CollectSpace|year=2007|author=CollectSpace] Cite web|url=http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/expeditions/expedition16/exp16_eva_121807.html|title=Spacewalkers Find No Solar Wing Smoking Gun|accessyear=2007|accessmonthday=December 18|publisher=NASA|year=2007|author=NASA] At the completion of Whitson's fifth EVA, the 100th in support of ISS assembly and maintenance, Whitson's cumulative EVA time became 32 hours, and 36 minutes, which placed her in 20th place for total EVA time.

Personal

Whitson was born and raised in Mt. Ayr, Iowa, but considers Beaconsfield, Iowa her hometown.Cite web|url=http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/21220392/|title=Russian Rocket Heads to Space Station|accessyear=2007|accessmonthday=October 10|publisher=Associated Press / MSNBC|year=2007|author=Mansur Mirovalev] Whitson graduated from Mt. Ayr Community High School in 1978 and received a bachelor of science degree in biology and chemistry from Iowa Wesleyan College in 1981. She then went on to earn her doctorate degree in chemistry from Rice University in 1985, and following completion of her graduate work, continued at Rice as a Robert A Welch Post-doctoral Fellow until October, 1986. She is married to Clarence F. Sams, Ph.D.

Research career

Following her fellowship at Rice, she began working at Johnson Space Center in Houston, Texas, as a National Research Council Resident Research Associate. From April 1988, until September, 1989, Whitson served as the Supervisor for the Biochemistry Research Group at KRUG International, a medical sciences contractor at NASA-JSC.

From 1991 through 1997, Whitson was invited to be an Adjunct Assistant Professor in the Department of Internal Medicine, and Department of Human Biological Chemistry and Genetics at the University of Texas Medical Branch in Galveston, Texas. In 1997, Whitson began a position as Adjunct Assistant Professor at Rice University in the Maybee Laboratory for Biochemical and Genetic Engineering.

From 1992 to 1995, she served as project scientist for the Shuttle-Mir Program and, until her selection as an astronaut candidate in 1996, as Deputy Division Chief for the Medical Sciences division at the Johnson Space Center.

NASA career

From 1989 to 1993, Whitson worked as a Research Biochemist in the Biomedical Operations and Research Branch at NASA-JSC. From 1991-1993, she served as Technical Monitor of the Biochemistry Research Laboratories in the Biomedical Operations and Research Branch. From 1991 through 1992, she was the Payload Element Developer for Bone Cell Research Experiment (E10) aboard SL-J (STS-47), and was a member of the US-USSR Joint Working Group in Space Medicine and Biology. In 1992, she was named the Project Scientist of the Shuttle-Mir Program (STS-60, STS-63, STS-71, Mir 18, Mir 19), and served in this capacity until the conclusion of the Phase 1A Program in 1995. From 1993 through 1996, Whitson held the additional responsibilities of the Deputy Division Chief of the Medical Sciences Division at NASA-JSC. From 1995-1996, she served as Co-Chair of the U.S.-Russian Mission Science Working Group.

In April 1996, Whitson was selected as an astronaut candidate and started training in August 1996. Upon completing the two years of training and evaluation, she was assigned technical duties in the Astronaut Office Operations Planning Branch, and served as the lead for the Crew Test Support Team in Russia from 1998 to 1999. From November, 2003 to March, 2005, she served as Deputy Chief of the Astronaut Office. From March 2005 to November 2005, she served as Chief of the Station Operations Branch, Astronaut Office. Whitson trained as the backup ISS Commander for Expedition 14 from November, 2005 through September, 2006 and as the ISS Commander for Expedition 16, launched October, 2007, on the Soyuz TMA-11 During Expedition 16, she surpassed Sunita Williams for woman with the most spacewalks. mission.

Spaceflight experience

Expedition 5

The Expedition 5 crew launched on June 5, 2002 aboard STS-111 and docked with the International Space Station on June 7, 2002. During her six-month stay aboard the Space Station, Whitson installed the Mobile Base System, the S1 truss segment, and the P1 truss segment using the space station remote manipulator system; performed a 4 hour and 25 minute spacewalk in a Russian Orlan space suit to install micrometeoroid shielding on the Zvezda Service Module; and activated and checked out the Microgravity Sciences Glovebox, a facility class payload rack.

She was named the first NASA Science Officer during her stay, and she conducted 21 investigations in human life sciences and microgravity sciences, as well as commercial payloads.cite news | first = Jim | last = Banke | url = http://www.space.com/missionlaunches/science_officer_020916.html | title = "NASA Boss Names Whitson ISS 'Science Officer'" | work = Space.com | date = 16 September 2002 | accessdate = 2007-09-17] The Expedition 5 crew returned to Earth aboard STS-113 on December 7, 2002. Completing her first flight, Whitson logged 184 days, 22 hours and 14 minutes in space.

Expedition 16

Her second mission, Expedition 16, launched October 10, 2007, on Soyuz TMA-11.Cite web|url=http://www.nasaspaceflight.com/content/?cid=5250|title=Soyuz TMA-11 launches carrying Expedition 16|accessyear=2007|accessmonthday=October 10|publisher=NASA Spaceflight.com|year=2007|author=Sergi Manstov] Cite web|url=http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2007/10/10/nation/20071010211910&sec=nation|title=First Malaysian in space|accessyear=2007|accessmonthday=October 10|publisher=Star Publications (Malaysia)|year=2007|author=Jane Ritikos] Cite web|url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/worldNews/idUKL1016094020071010|title=Russian rocket launches first Malaysian into space|accessyear=2007|accessmonthday=October 10|publisher=Reuters|year=2007|author=Shavkat Rakhmatullayev] Along with her Expedition 16 crew member Yuri Malenchenko and spaceflight participant Yi So-yeon, she returned to Earth in Soyuz TMA-11 on 19 April, 2008. The re-entry was remarkable for the failure of the Soyuz propulsion module to separate properly, and the subsequent "ballistic reentry" which subjected the crew to forces about eight times that of gravity. [Cite web|url=http://www.spaceflightnow.com/station/exp16/080502peggywhitson.html|title=Whitson describes rough Soyuz entry and landing|accessyear=2008|accessmonthday=July 12|publisher=Spaceflight Now|year=2008|author=William Harwood] She spent 191 days, 19 hrs, and 8 min in space on this mission [ [http://www.cnn.com/2008/TECH/space/04/19/skorea.soyuz/index.html?iref=mpstoryview Soyuz Capsule Misses Landing Target] ] .

Awards and honors

References

External links

* [http://www.jsc.nasa.gov/Bios/htmlbios/whitson.html NASA Biography]
* [http://www.spacefacts.de/bios/astronauts/english/whitson_peggy.htm Spacefacts biography of Peggy Whitson]
* [http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/expeditions/expedition16/index.html NASA Expedition 16]