Listrura

Taxobox
name = "Listrura"
regnum = Animalia
phylum = Chordata
classis = Actinopterygii
ordo = Siluriformes
familia = Trichomycteridae
subfamilia = Glanapteryginae
genus = "Listrura"
genus_authority = de Pinna, 1988
type_species = "Listrura nematopteryx"
type_species_authority = de Pinna, 1988
subdivision_ranks = Binomial name
subdivision =
"Listrura boticario"
de Pinna & Wosiacki, 2002
"Listrura camposi"
(Miranda Ribeiro, 1957)
"Listrura nematopteryx"
de Pinna, 1988
"Listrura picinguabae"
Villa-Verde & Costa, 2006
"Listrura tetraradiata"
Landim & Costa, 2002

"Listrura" is a genus of catfishes (order Siluriformes) of the family Trichomycteridae. It includes five species, "L. boticario", "L. camposi", "L. nematopteryx", "L. picinguabae", and "L. tetraradiata".

Taxonomy

"Listrura" was first described in 1988 for two species from southeastern Brazil, the first record of the subfamily Glanapteryginae outside of the Amazon River basin.cite journal|url=http://digitallibrary.amnh.org/dspace/bitstream/2246/5665/1/N3496.pdf|title=New and Noteworthy Venezuelan Glanapterygine Catfishes (Siluriformes, Trichomycteridae), with Discussion of Their Biogeography and Psammophily|first=Scott A.|last=Schaefer|coauthors=Provenzano, Francisco; de Pinna, Mario; Baskin, Jonathan N.|journal=American Museum Novitates|issue=3496|pages=1–27|date=November 29, 2005|format=PDF] It was described for the species "L. nematopteryx" and "L. camposi"; "L. camposi" had been assigned to the genus "Eremophilus", while "L. nematopteryx" had been misidentified as another species of "Eremophilus". "L. tetraradiata" was described in 2002 from the Rio de Janeiro State in Brazil.cite journal|journal=Copeia|year=2002|issue=1|pages=152–156|title="Listrura tetraradiata" (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae): A New Glanapterygine Catfish from the Southeastern Brazilian Coastal Plains|first=Maria Isabel|last=Landim|coauthors=Costa, Wilson J. E. M.|doi=10.1643/0045-8511(2002)002 [0152:LTSTAN] 2.0.CO;2|volume=2002|doilabel=10.1643/0045-8511(2002)002[0152:LTSTAN]2.0.CO;2] "L. boticario" was described later in 2002 from southern Brazil. "L. picinguabae" was described in 2006.cite journal|url=http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2006f/zt01142p050.pdf|title=A new glanapterygine catfish of the genus "Listrura" (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae) from the southeastern Brazilian coastal plains|first=Leandro|last=Villa-Verde|coauthors=Costa, Wilson J. E. M.|journal=Zootaxa|volume=1142|pages=43–50|year=2006|format=PDF] This genus is currently monophyletic.

With the description of "L. tetraradiata" in 2003, it was hypothesized that "L. tetraradiata" possibly constitutes the sister group to a clade comprising the only other two previously described species of "Listrura", "L. camposi" and "L. nematopteryx". As of 2006, two species of "Listrura", "L. camposi" and "L. boticario", were known only from their holotypes. The lack of osteological information for these species impedes a complete analysis of phylogenetic relationships within the genus. It was hypothesized that "L. nematopteryx" and "L. picinguabae" comprise a monophyletic assemblage, given the fact that the pectoral fin of these species consists of a single ray and the ray is in the form of a long filament, a condition not present in any other trichomycterids thus far described.

"Listura" is the most basal member of the subfamily Glanapteryginae; it is sister to a clade formed by the other three genera, "Glanapteryx", "Pygidianops", and "Typhlobelus".

Distribution

"Listrura" is endemic to small coastal river basins of southeastern Brazil. "L. boticario" originates from Da Figueira and Guaraqueçaba River basins, Paraná State. "L. camposi" inhabits the Poço Grande River, a tributary of the Juquiá River in the São Paulo State, and Ribeirão da Ilha of Florianópolis in Santa Catarina State. "L. nematopteryx" is distributed in the Imbariê Creek and basin of the Estrela River system of Piabetá in the Rio de Janeiro State, and Picinguaba in the São Paulo State.cite journal|url=http://silurus.acnatsci.org/ACSI/library/biblios/2007_Ferraris_Catfish_Checklist.pdf|title=Checklist of catfishes, recent and fossil (Osteichthyes: Siluriformes), and catalogue of siluriform primary types|first=Carl J., Jr.|last=Ferraris|journal=Zootaxa|volume=1418|pages=1–628|year=2007|format=PDF] "L. picinguabae" is only known from small tributaries to the da Fazenda River in the São Paulo State. "L. tetraradiata" is from the Ibicuíba River of the Araruama Lagoon system.

Description

The body is elongate and may be cylindrical. These fish have three pairs of barbels. The mouth is subterminal. These fish are lacking in pelvic fins. The caudal fin is rounded. The caudal skeleton is compact and fused. "Listura" species grow to about 3.7–4.9 centimetres (1.5–1.9 in) SL.FishBase species|genus=Listrura|species=boticario|year=2007|month=July] FishBase species|genus=Listrura|species=camposi|year=2007|month=July] FishBase species|genus=Listrura|species=nematopteryx|year=2007|month=July] FishBase species|genus=Listrura|species=picinguabae|year=2007|month=July] FishBase species|genus=Listrura|species=tetraradiata|year=2007|month=July]

Ecology

"Listrura" occur in shallow-water leaf-litter deposits underlain by mud or deeper layers of leaf litter. "Listrura" inhabits extremely small, shallow, and temporary water bodies, marginal to main water courses covered with vegetation; no species of "Listrura" is known to occur in creeks or rivers, except apparently as stray or colonizing specimens. "L. picinguabae" inhabits narrow and shallow (about 20 cm or 12 in deep) streams in dense tropical forest; it is encountered buried in the litter bottom. "L. tetraradiata" has been found in small, clear water forest streams; these habitats are shallow (about 40 cm or 16 in deep), with large rocks on the banks and gravel and sand on the bottom. "L. tetraradiata" has been found to have copepods, insect larvae, and mites in their stomach contents.

References