History of Sheffield Wednesday F.C.

The History of Sheffield Wednesday F.C. covers almost 150 years of both success and failure of the football club from Sheffield, England. Established in 1867 the club would see early regional success followed by a rocky transition to professionalism. Although it has spent the majority of its Football League years in the top flight its position within the league has varied from the very top to almost slipping to the fourth tier.

The 19th century

The early years

The club was initially a cricket team named "The Wednesday Cricket Club" after the day of the week when they played their matches. The footballing side of the club was established to keep the team together and fit during the winter months. SWFC was born on the evening of Wednesday 4 September 1867 at a meeting at the Adelphi Hotel in Sheffield. The formation was announced two days later with the following statement in the "Sheffield Independent" newspaper:

:"SHEFFIELD WEDNESDAY CRICKET CLUB AND FOOTBALL CLUB. – At a general meeting held on Wednesday last, at the Adelphi Hotel, it was decided to form a football club in connection with the above influential cricket club, with the object of keeping together during the winter season the members of this cricket club. From the great unanimity which prevailed as to the desirability of forming the club, there is every reason to expect that it will take first rank. The office bearers were elected as follows: - President, Mr. B. Chatterton; vice-president and treasurer, Mr. F. S. Chambers; hon. Secretary, Mr. Jno. Marsh; assistant, Mr. Castleton. Committee: Messrs Jno. Rodgers, Jno. White, C. Stokes, and H. Bocking. About sixty were enrolled without any canvas, some of them being the best players of the town."cite web|title=In the Beginning|publisher=FL Interactive Limited|url=http://www.swfc.premiumtv.co.uk/page/HistoryDetail/0,,10304~65717,00.html|accessdate= 2006-08-15]

Even at this first meeting it became apparent that football would soon come to eclipse the cricketing side of the club. The formation of the football club came within a decade of the first football club in the world, Sheffield F.C., being formed. Hallam F.C. was set up shortly afterwards and by 1867 Association football was becoming very popular. "The Wednesday" played their first football match in October 1867 against the Mechanics Club at Norfolk Park, a game which they won by three goals and four rouges to nil.cite book|first=Keith|last=Farnsworth|title=Sheffield Football A History:Volume 1 1857-1861|publisher=Hallamshire Press|date=1995|id=ISBN 1-874718-13-X]

By 1 February 1868 Wednesday were playing their first competitive football match as they entered the Cromwell Cup, a four-team competition for newly formed clubs sponsored by "Oliver Cromwell", the manager of the local Theatre Royal. They went on to win the cup, beating Cromwell's own team, "The Garrick Club" 1-0 after extra time in the final at Bramall Lane.cite web|title=The Cromwell Cup|url=http://www.btinternet.com/~a.drake/sheff/cup/cromwell.htm|author=A. Drake|accessdate=2006-08-15]

Wednesday were joined by the Clegg brothers, Charles and William in 1870. Charles became the club's first international player when he played in the very first international on 30 November 1872.cite web|title=John Charles Clegg|url=http://www.englandstats.com/playerreport.php?pid=232|accessdate=2007-07-08] William represented Wednesday in the next match on 8 March 1873. [cite web|title=William Edwin Clegg|url=http://www.englandstats.com/playerreport.php?pid=233|accessdate=2007-07-08] Both players would go on to be associated with the club for the rest of their lives. Although it would be Charles who became most heavily involved in football eventually rising to become president and chairman of the Football Association.

In 1876 Wednesday were joined by James Lang. The directors of the club had seen him playing for Glasgow against the Sheffield FA representative side. He was subsequently invited to come Sheffield and play for the club and given a job, working in a silversmiths owned by one of the directors, which involved no formal duties. This is now acknowledged as the first case of professionalism in the game.cite book|last=Farnsworth|first=Keith| title=Wednesday!|publisher=Sheffield City Libraries|date=1982]

Sheffield's first annual tournament, the Sheffield FA Challenge Cup, was inaugurated in 1876 and won by Wednesday who beat Heeley, their chief rivals at the time, in the final 4-3 after extra time. They would go on to also win the first Warncliffe Cup in 1879. By this time Wednesday had become the dominant force in local football. [Cite web|title=SFA Cup 76-77|url=http://www.btinternet.com/~a.drake/sheff/cup/SFA1.htm|author=A. Drake|accessdate=2007-07-08]

Rocky road to professionalism

In 1879 a number of Wednesday players were involved in a team referred to as The Zulus. [cite news|title=The Sheffield Zulus|url=http://www.sasoccer365.com/Breaking_News/story_6737.shtml|publisher=SAsoccer365|date=2004-09-07|accessdate=2006-09-17] The team was set up to raise funds for the families of victims of the Zulu War. They toured the north of England and Scotland but after allegations that the players were being paid, a practice that was illegal at the time, the team was forced to disband by the Sheffield FA in 1882.

In the summer of 1882, after a season in which "The Wednesday" reached the semi-finals of the FA Cup, the cricket and football teams split permanently, and by the end of 1925 the cricket team had disbanded. In the 1880s Wednesday became a permanent fixture in the FA Cup as they attempted to move away from local competitions, however in the 1886-87 season Wednesday did not meet the deadline for entry and a revolt by several of their most skilful players followed.

Several players, all involved in the earlier Zulus controversy, temporarily left the club to play for a local works team which had managed to submit its entry on time. Later in the season the same players threatened to walk out permanently and set up a professional club called Sheffield Rovers. Wednesday's President at the time, John Holmes, was against the club turning professional, but under the immense pressure of the possibility of losing his star players he entered in to talks with the rebels, eventually offering professional terms. At the meeting called to set up "Sheffield Rovers", one of the rebel players Tom Cawley argued that Wednesday should be given one final chance and the football club duly turned professional on 22 April 1887. The initial wages were five shillings for home fixtures and seven shillings and sixpence for away games.

The Olive Grove years

The move to professionalism led to the team building their own stadium rather than playing at venues such as Bramall Lane or Sheaf House whose owners took a share of the "". They leased some land by the railway tracks near Queen's Road from the Duke of Norfolk and in 1887 built the Olive Grove ground.cite book|last=Farnsworth|first=Keith| title=Wednesday!|publisher=Sheffield City Libraries|date=1982]

In 1889, when their first application to join the Football League was rejected, the club became founder members of the Football Alliance of which they were the first champions in a season that they also reached the 1890 FA Cup Final, losing 6-1 to Blackburn Rovers at The Oval. They finished the following season bottom of the Alliance but recovered to finish in fourth place in the final Alliance season.cite web|title=Football Alliance|url=http://www.rsssf.com/tablese/engfootalliancehist.html|publisher=RSSSF|accessdate=2007-07-08] The following season they were elected to Division 1 of the Football League when it was increased from 14 to 16 clubs, topping the poll with 10 votes. They won the FA Cup in 1896, beating Wolverhampton Wanderers by a 2-1 scoreline at Crystal Palace.

The 20th century

Pre-war success

In a strong decade Wednesday won the league twice in the 1902-03 and 1903-04 seasons and the FA Cup again in 1907, beating Everton, again at Crystal Palace by two goals to one. After this a relatively fallow period was to be suffered for another two decades.

In 1929 the club officially changed its name from "The Wednesday Football Club" to "Sheffield Wednesday Football Club" under the stewardship of manager Robert Brown.cite web|title=Brown's Golden Era|url=http://www.swfc.premiumtv.co.uk/page/HistoryDetail/0,,10304~65721,00.html|publisher=FL Interactive Limited|accessdate=2006-08-12] However the name Sheffield Wednesday dates back as far as 1883: the former ground at Olive Grove had the name Sheffield Wednesday painted on the stand roof.

The team rose to the top of English football once again in the 1928-29 season. They had almost been relegated in the previous season but with 17 points in the last 10 matches the team pulled off the great escape, rising from bottom to 14th. Consecutive titles in the next two seasons started a run that would see the team finishing lower than third only once until 1935. The period was topped off with the team winning the FA cup for the third time in the club's history in 1935 under manager Billy Walker.

Post-war turmoil

The 50s saw Wednesday unable to consistently hold on to a position in the top flight. After being promoted back up in 1950, they were relegated a total of 3 times. Each time would see them bounce back up by winning the Second Division the following season. The decade ended on a high note with the team finally finishing in the top half of the First Division for the first time since World War 2.

This led to a decade of successfully remaining in the First Division, which included a cup run to the FA cup final in 1966. Off the field the club was embroiled in the British betting scandal of 1964 where three of their players, Peter Swan, David Layne and Tony Kay, were accused of match fixing and betting against their own team. The three were subsequently convicted and, on release from prison, banned from football for life.

Wednesday were relegated at the end of the 1969/70 season. Starting the darkest period in the clubs history. After going into freefall they spent 5 seasons in the Third Division and the club almost suffered relegation to the Fourth Division in 1976, but a revival over the next few seasons saw them reach the First Division in 1984.

The 1980s: Resurgence

Under the management of Howard Wilkinson, Sheffield Wednesday won promotion to the First Division at the end of the 1983-84 season and would remain at this level for all but one of the next sixteen seasons. They finished fifth in the league at the end of the 1985-86 season and only missed out on a UEFA Cup place because English teams were banned from European competitions due to the Heysel Stadium disaster at this time.

Wilkinson left in September 1988 to take charge of Leeds United who were a Second Division club at the time. Within four seasons, he had taken them to the league title.

Meanwhile, Sheffield Wednesday replaced Wilkinson with his former assistant Peter Eustace in what proved to be a disastrous appointment. He was at the helm for just four months before being sacked to make way for West Bromwich Albion manager Ron Atkinson, who had lifted two FA Cups with Manchester United.

The 1990s: Life at the top

In Atkinson's first full season as manager, 1989-90, Sheffield Wednesday finished 18th in the First Division and were relegated on goal difference, despite the acquisition of the talented John Sheridan and the fact they had pulled towards mid-table at one stage of the season. They regained promotion at the first attempt but the real highlight of the season was a League Cup final victory over Atkinson's old club Manchester United. Midfielder John Sheridan scored the only goal of the game, which delivered the club's first major trophy since their FA Cup success of 1935. Atkinson moved to Aston Villa shortly after promotion was achieved, and handed over the reins to 37-year-old striker Trevor Francis.

Wednesday finished third in the First Division at the end of the 1991-92 season, booking their place in the following season's UEFA Cup as well as gaining a place in the new FA Premier League.

1992-93 was one of the most eventful seasons in the history of Sheffield Wednesday football club. They finished seventh in the Premier League and reached the finals of both the FA Cup and the League Cup, but were on the losing side to Arsenal in both games. This prevented the Owls from making another appearance in European competition. Still, the 1992-93 season established Sheffield Wednesday as a top club. Midfielder Chris Waddle was voted Football Writers Player of the Year, and the strike partnership of David Hirst and Mark Bright was one of the most feared in the country. Francis was unable to achieve any more success at the club, and two seasons later he was sacked. His successor was former Luton, Leicester and Tottenham manager David Pleat.

David Pleat's first season as Sheffield Wednesday manager was frustrating, as they finished 15th in the Premiership despite an expensively-assembled line-up which included the likes of Marc Degryse, Dejan Stefanovic and Darko Kovacevic - who all had disappointing and short-lived tenures at the club. An excellent start to the 1996-97 season saw the Owls top the Premiership after winning their first four games, and David Pleat was credited Manager of the Month for August 1996. But the club failed to mount a serious title challenge and they faded away to finish seventh in the final table. Pleat was sacked the following November with the club struggling at the wrong end of the Premiership, and Ron Atkinson briefly returned to steer the Owls clear of relegation.

At the end of the 1997-98 season, Ron Atkinson's short-term contract was not renewed and Sheffield Wednesday turned to Danny Wilson as their new manager. Wilson's first season at the helm brought a slight improvement as they finished 12th in the Premiership. An expensively assembled squad including Paolo Di Canio, Benito Carbone and Wim Jonk failed to live up the massive wage bill the club was paying and things eventually came to a head when Italian firebrand Di Canio was sent off in a match against Arsenal and proceeded to push the referee on his way off. Danny Wilson was sacked the following March with relegation looking a certainty for the Hillsborough club, following a disastrous season where they had been hammered 8-0 by Newcastle United as early as September. His assistant Peter Shreeves took temporary charge but was unable to stave off relegation.

The 21st century

Going down...

Peter Shreeves remained at Sheffield Wednesday for the 2000-01 season as assistant to their new manager Paul Jewell. But Jewell was unable to mount a promotion challenge and he was sacked the following February with the Owls hovering just above the Division One relegation zone. Shreeves was given a permanent contract to take charge of the first team and he guided them to a 17th place finish. After another bad start in 2001-02, he handed the reins over to assistant Terry Yorath. Wednesday finished just two places above the Division One relegation zone and the only bright spot of the season was a run to the semi finals of the League Cup.

Yorath was sacked in October 2002 after Wednesday made a terrible start to the 2002-03 season, and in came Hartlepool manager Chris Turner - a former Owls goalkeeper - as his successor. Turner made a big effort to rejuvenate the side and there were some impressive results during the final weeks of the season, but a failure to beat Brighton in the penultimate game of the season condemned them to relegation.

Turner was optimistic of an immediate return to Division One, but this was not to be. Wednesday finished 2003-04 in 16th place in Division Two, with the lowest goals tally in the division (48). It was the lowest ebb of the club's history, rivalled only by the 1975-76 season, where Wednesday finished in 20th place in the same division with the same number of points as in the 2003-04 season. Turner was sacked after a poor start to the 2004-05 Coca-Cola League One campaign, and replaced by former Plymouth and Southampton manager Paul Sturrock.

...coming up!

Sturrock revitalised Sheffield Wednesday's fortunes and they finished fifth in League One at the end of the 2004-05 season, qualifying for the promotion playoffs. They defeated Brentford 3-1 on aggregate in the semi-finals, moving them into the playoff final on May 29, 2005 at the Millennium Stadium. 41,000 Wednesdayites descended on Cardiff for what was the biggest game in twelve years for the club. They weren't to be disappointed as the Owls took a 1-0 lead through Jon-Paul McGovern on the stroke of halftime. However, Hartlepool fought back and took a 2-1 lead with 20 minutes of the game remaining. Sturrock made a brave triple substitution bringing on 18-year old striker Drew Talbot and the Owls' top scorer of the season, Steve MacLean (who had been out injured for the previous three months and had not kicked a ball). They combined with 10 minutes left as the Owls levelled the game 2-2. Talbot was adjudged to have been pushed down inside the box and Sheffield Wednesday were awarded a controversial penalty, which also resulted in the dismissal of Hartlepool player Westwood. MacLean duly slotted home the resultant penalty. They went on to win 4-2 after extra time, goals from Glenn Whelan and Drew Talbot, achieving promotion to the Championship.

On 17 April 2006, Sheffield Wednesday retained their place in the Championship with two matches remaining, with a 2-0 away win at Brighton, condemning Brighton, Millwall and Crewe to the drop in the process.cite web|title=Brighton 0-2 Sheff Wed|publisher=bbc.co.uk|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/eng_div_1/4906626.stm|date=17 April 2006|accessdate= 2006-04-17] . Wednesday went on to finish the season in 19th place, 10 points clear of the relegation zone. They were statistically the best supported team in the Championship; their average home league attendance of 24,853 marginally beat newly relegated Norwich with 24,833.

Wednesday's final league position in the 2005-06 Championship campaign was not as bad as it sounds considering the current financial situation of the club. For the second successive year targets have been achieved - this season's target had been avoiding relegation. Sheffield Wednesday are now preparing for a season of consolidation before mounting an assault to reach the Premiership, which the club's directors and management are aiming to complete in time for the 2008-09 season.

Brian Laws takes over

Sturrock was sacked after a slow start to the 2006-07 season, and his replacement was the former Scunthorpe boss Brian Laws. They finished ninth in the Football League Championship that season, just four points short of the playoffs, but having spent the 2007-08 season battling against relegation.

On 25 June 2007, the River Don burst its bank during a period of severe weather in the area, and the whole ground was flooded with several feet of water. The changing rooms, restaurants and kitchens and boardroom were all flooded, as well as the shop; many local houses were also affected. The club and ground remain closed for the rest of June. On 6 July, the club issued a statement confirming that the pitch would be ready in time for a pre-season friendly match against Birmingham City F.C. on 4 August. [cite web|title=BBC Sport: Owls-Blues friendly gets go-ahead|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/teams/s/sheff_wed/6278492.stm]

References