Tenuto

Tenuto (Italian, past participle of "tenere" "to hold") is a direction used in musical notation. Arguably, it is one of the first directions to be used in music notation, as Notker of St. Gall ("c."840 - 912) discusses the use of the letter "t" in plainsong notation as meaning "trahere vel tenere debere" in one of his letters.

"Tenuto" can mean either "hold the note in question its full length (or longer, with slight rubato)" or else "play the note slightly louder". In other words, the tenuto mark is sometimes interpreted as an articulation mark and sometimes interpreted as a dynamic mark. When it appears in conjunction with an accent mark, it is of course taken as an indication of articulation, and, conversely, when it appears in conjunction with a staccato mark, it is taken as an indication of a slight dynamic accent. When it appears by itself, its meaning must be determined by its musical context.

In rudimental (drumline) drumming, the tenuto marking is traditionally interpreted by giving the marked note a slight accent or emphasis.

Notation

Tenuto can be notated three ways:
#The word "tenuto" written above the passage to be played tenuto.
#The abbreviation "ten." written above the note or passage to be played tenuto.
#A horizontal line, roughly the length of a notehead, placed immediately above or below the note to be played tenuto (as in the image above).

ee also

*Modern musical symbols

References

*Tom Gerou and Linda Lusk, "Essential Dictionary of Music Notation" (1996)
*David Fallows, "Tenuto." "Grove Music Online" ed. L. Macy. (Accessed 15 May 2006) [http://www.grovemusic.com]

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