Artur Bodanzky

Artur Bodanzky

Artur Bodanzky (also written as Artur Bodzansky) (16 December 1877 in Vienna – 23 November 1939 in New York) was an Austrian-American conductor particularly associated with the operas of Wagner.

Career

The gravesite of Artur Bodanzky in Sleepy Hollow Cemetery, Sleepy Hollow, NY

The son of Jewish merchants, Bodanzky studied the violin and composition with Alexander Zemlinsky ^[1] Bodanzky then became conducting assistant to Gustav Mahler in Vienna, later going on to jobs in Berlin, the Neues Deutsches Theater in Prague (August 1907)^[2], where he was briefly a colleague of Otto Klemperer^[3] and Mannheim. In 1915 he emigrated to the United States to work for the Metropolitan Opera, being replaced at Mannheim by Wilhelm Furtwängler. He was head of German repertory at the Met, being accepted by Toscanini on the recommendation of Ferruccio Busoni.^[4] In 1921 he was engaged by the New York Philharmonic as a guest conductor.^[5] In 1928, Bodanzky announced his resignation from the Met and was replaced by Joseph Rosenstock. However, Rosenstock received such criticism in the press that he himself resigned almost immediately on medical advice, and Bodanzky was rehired, and remained at the Met until his death. He was approached by Thomas Beecham to conduct at Covent Garden in 1936, but his requested fee of 250 pounds for each performance was considered too high.^[6]

Conducting style

When he was appointed to his position at Mannheim Bodanzky was praised as a "mature and diligent" conductor" with "only one deficiency: a certain heavy-handedness, a predilection for ritardando".^[7]. However, later in his career at the Met Bodanzky became "notorious for his rapid tempi, particularly in Wagner".^[7] Bodanzky reputedly introduced more cuts in operas he prepared than many other contemporary conductors, and it was sometimes suggested that he was eager to finish the opera in time to play cards. H. L. Mencken criticized his abilities as a symphonic conductor, saying that "he gave an impression of being unfamiliar with what he was there to direct".^[8]

Many recordings survive of Bodanzky's Met broadcasts (some of which, for legal reasons, are not available in the USA). These include the very earliest Met broadcasts to survive, from 1933 and 1934, featuring substantial fragments of Frida Leider in Walküre and Tristan. From the recordings, it becomes apparent that Bodanzky's tempi fluctuate greatly, sometimes very fast, sometimes quite slow. In this practice, he is not far from the live contemporaneous recordings of such contemporaries as Albert Coates, Fritz Reiner, and Furtwängler. As to the matter of cuts, it was the almost invariable practice in opera houses outside Bayreuth at that time. Bodanzky compares favorably with both Furtwängler and Reiner in this respect. Later on, as evident from the 1940s Met broadcasts which survive, Erich Leinsdorf made even more substantial cuts. In 1944, Szell gave a broadcast performance of Walküre which has been reissued on CD and which, as regards fast tempi and severity of cuts, is comparable to anything of Bodanzky's.

Frida Leider praises Bodanzky's "outstanding artistry" in her autobiography, written after Bodanzky's death.^[9] The influential critic and promoter Samuel Chotzinoff in his book 'Toscanini: An Intimate Portrait' claimed that Toscanini did not rate Bodanzky at all highly even though he was saddened by his death;^{[citation needed]} this conflicts with the claim here that Toscanini recommended Bodanzky to the Met.

Family

Artur was the brother of the noted journalist and playwright Robert Bodanzky.

References

1. ^ Beaumont (2000). p. 28
2. ^ Beaumont (2000), p. 157
3. ^ Beaumont (2000), p. 213
4. ^ Horowitz (2005), p. 367
5. ^ Horowitz (2005), p. 278
6. ^ Hart, Philipp (1994). Fritz Reiner: A Biography. Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press. p. 90. ISBN 081011125X. http://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN081011125X&id=xtFbT2cLWZMC&pg=PA90&lpg=PA90&vq=bodanzky&sig=qH1Ib_5GOiHKhMuvN2qTZ2EOYGM. 
7. ^ ^{a b} Beaumont (2000), p. 167
8. ^ Mencken, H. L. (2003). American Mercury Magazine January to April 1924. Kessinger Publishing. p. 287. ISBN 0766164756. http://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN0766164756&id=ObUPmX07AZ0C&pg=RA2-PA187&lpg=RA2-PA187&vq=bodanzky&sig=pDAnKOAnsv6u2ZJta3aOgAWG-iE. 
9. ^ Leider, Frida; Charles Osborne (trans.) (1978). Playing my part (reprint ed.). New York: Da Capo Press. p. 153. ISBN 0306775352. 

Bibliography

• Beaumont, Anthony (2000). Zemlinsky. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. ISBN 0801438039. http://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN0801438039. 
• Horowitz, Joseph (2005). Classical Music in America: A History of Its Rise and Fall. New York, NY: W. W. Norton and Company. ISBN 0393057178. http://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN0393057178. 

External links

• Biography

Persondata
Name	Bodanzky, Artur
Alternative names
Short description
Date of birth	16 December 1877
Place of birth
Date of death	23 November 1939
Place of death