Benjamin C. Bradlee

Infobox_Celebrity
name = Benjamin Crowninshield Bradlee

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image_size =
caption =
birth_date = Birth date and age|1921|8|26
birth_place = Boston, Massachusetts
occupation = newspaper editor
website =

Benjamin Crowninshield Bradlee (born August 26, 1921) is the vice president of "The Washington Post". As executive editor of the Post from 1968 to 1991, he challenged the federal government over the right to publish the Pentagon papers. He became famous for overseeing the publication of Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein's stories documenting the Watergate scandal. Bradlee presently resides at Grey Gardens, the former East Hampton estate of the Bouvier family. He is the father of long time "Boston Globe" journalist Ben Bradlee Jr.

Early life

A member of the Boston Brahmin Crowninshield family, Bradlee was born in Boston, Massachusetts and attended Dexter School before finishing at St. Mark's School. His father was Frederick Josiah Bradlee Jr., who was on the first All American football team, which was at Harvard; he played football all four years from 1912-1915. He is a direct descendant of John Bradley, who was the first of the Bradleys to come to America and settled in and help build what is now Dorchester, Massachusetts in 1630; first Bradley born in the colonies was Nathan Bradley, 1631. Bradlee attended Harvard College, where he majored in classical Greek, was a member of the AD Club, a prominent final club, and joined Naval ROTC. Bradlee's mother, Josephine deGersdorff, was awarded the Legion of Honor for helping for keeping children safe from Nazi Germany and France during World War II. Josephines father,Carl deGersdorff, was a wealthy New York lawyer. His great, great uncle was Joseph Hodges Choate, who was an American lawyer and the American ambassador to Great Britain from 1899-1905. Bradlee married Jean Saltonstall, and received his naval commission two hours after graduating in 1942.

Bradlee joined the Office of Naval Intelligence and worked as a communications officer in the Pacific Theatre during World War II. His duties included handling classified and coded cables. The main ship on which Bradlee served was a destroyer, the USS|Philip|DD-498. He fought off the shores of Guam and arrived at Guadalcanal with the Second Fleet; his main battles were Saipan, Tinian, and Bougainville.

After the war, in 1946, Bradlee became a reporter at the "New Hampshire Sunday News", a venture he helped launch. In 1948 he started working for the "Washington Post" as a reporter. He got to know associate publisher Philip Graham, who was the son-in-law of Eugene Meyer, publisher of the newspaper. In 1951 Graham helped Bradlee become assistant press attaché in the American embassy in Paris, France.

Government work

In 1952 Bradlee joined the staff of the Office of U.S. Information and Educational Exchange (USIE), the embassy's propaganda unit. USIE produced films, magazines, research, speeches, and news items for use by the CIA throughout Europe. USIE (later known as USIA) also controlled the Voice of America, a means of disseminating pro-American "cultural information" worldwide. While at the USIE, according to a Justice Department memo from an assistant U.S. attorney in the Rosenberg Trial, Bradlee was helping the CIA manage European propaganda regarding the spying conviction and execution of Julius and Ethel Rosenberg on June 19, 1953.

Bradlee was officially employed by USIE until 1953, when he began working for "Newsweek". While based in France, Bradlee divorced his first wife and married Antoinette Pinchot. At the time of the marriage, Antoinette's sister, Mary Pinchot Meyer, was married to Cord Meyer, a key figure in Operation Mockingbird, a CIA program to influence the media.

Antoinette Bradlee was also a close friend of Cicely d'Autremont, who was married to James Jesus Angleton. Bradlee worked closely with Angleton in Paris. At the time, Angleton was liaison for all Allied intelligence in Europe. His deputy was Richard Ober, a fellow student of Bradlee at Harvard University.

In 1957, now working as a reporter for Newsweek, Bradlee created a great deal of controversy when he interviewed members of the FLN. They were Algerian guerrillas who were in rebellion against the French government at the time. According to Deborah Davis, author of "Katharine the Great" about Katharine Graham, this had all the "earmarks of an intelligence operation." As a result of these interviews, Bradlee was given an expulsion order from France; however, the order was suspended and finally repealed.

Bradlee was awarded the French Legion of Honor.fact|date=June 2008

Washington Post

As a reporter in the 1950s, Bradlee became close friends with then-Senator John F. Kennedy, who lived nearby. In 1960 he toured with both Kennedy and Richard Nixon in their presidential campaigns. He later wrote a book, "Conversations With Kennedy" (W.W. Norton, 1975), recounting their relationship during those years. Bradlee was, at this point, Washington Bureau chief for "Newsweek", a position from which he helped negotiate the sale of the magazine to the "Washington Post" holding company. Bradlee maintained that position until being promoted to managing editor at the "Post" in 1965. He became executive editor in 1968 and married fellow journalist Sally Quinn in 1978. Bradlee retired as executive editor in September 1991, but continues to serve as (Vice President At Large) of the paper. Mr. Bradlee's long-time executive assistant at "The Washington Post" was Carol Leggitt.

Under Bradlee's leadership, "The Washington Post" took on major challenges during the Nixon Administration. In 1971 "The New York Times" and the "Post" successfully challenged the government over the right to publish the Pentagon Papers. One year later, Bradlee backed reporters Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein as they probed the break-in at the Democratic National Committee Headquarters in The Watergate hotel. Ensuing investigations of suspected cover-ups led inexorably to Congressional committees, conflicting testimonies, and, ultimately, to the resignation of Richard Nixon in 1974. For decades, Bradlee was one of only four publicly known people who knew the true identity of Deep Throat, the other three being Woodward, Bernstein, and Deep Throat himself. He also appears as a character in the 1976 film about Woodward and Bernstein, "All the President's Men", where he is portrayed by Jason Robards (who won an Academy Award for his performance).

In 1981, "Post" reporter Janet Cooke won a Pulitzer Prize for [http://academics.smcvt.edu/dmindich/Jimmy%27s%20World.htm "Jimmy's World"] , a profile of an eight-year-old heroin addict. Cooke's article turned out to be based on a fiction: there was no such addict. As executive editor, Bradlee was roundly criticized in many circles for failing to ensure the article's accuracy. After questions about the story's veracity arose, Bradlee (along with publisher Donald Graham) ordered a "full disclosure" investigation to ascertain the truth. At one point during the investigation, Bradlee angrily compared Cooke with Richard Nixon over her attempted coverup of the fake story. Bradlee personally apologized to Mayor Marion Barry and the chief of police of Washington, D.C., for the "Post"'s fictitious article. Cooke, meanwhile, was forced to resign and relinquish the Pulitzer.

Recent Work

Today he continues to serve on "The Washington Post's" editorial board as vice president at large.

Bradlee published an autobiography in 1995, "A Good Life: Newspapering and Other Adventures". He had an acting role in "Born Yesterday", the 1993 remake of the 1950 romantic comedy.

On May 3, 2006, Bradlee received a Doctor of Humane Letters from Georgetown University in Washington, D.C.. Prior to receiving the honorary degree, he taught occasional journalism courses at Georgetown.

In 1991 he was persuaded by then-Governor William Donald Schaefer to accept chairmanship of the Historic St. Mary's City Commission and continued in that position through 2003. He also served for 12 years as a member of the board of trustees at St. Mary's College of Maryland and honored the school by endowing the Benjamin C. Bradlee Annual Lecture in Journalism.

In the fall of 2005, Jim Lehrer conducted three 2-hour interviews with Bradlee on a variety of topics from the responsibilities of the press to the differences between Watergate and the Valerie Plame case. The interviews were edited for an hour-long documentary called "", which premiered on PBS on June 19, 2006.

External links

* [http://academics.smcvt.edu/dmindich/Jimmy%27s%20World.htm Bill Green, Washington Post Ombudsman] 19 April 1981
* [http://www.pbs.org/newshour/bradlee/ Website for Free Speech: Jim Lehrer with Ben Bradlee] 19 June 2006
* [http://www.kayotix.com/tmp/newsfeeds/02.11.06/ben.bradlee/ Interview on the BBC news programme Hardtalk] Nov. 2, 2006