Alcalá de Guadaíra

Spanish city
native_name = Alcalá de Guadaíra
spanish_name = Alcalá de Guadaíra
lat_long = (coord|37|20|0|N|5|51|10|W|)
time_zone = CET (GMT +1)
time_zone_summer = CEST (GMT +2)
native_language = Spanish
community = Andalucía
community_link = Andalusia
province = Sevilla
province_link = Sevilla (province)
mayor = Antonio Gutiérrez Limones
political_party = PSOE
political_party_link = Spanish Socialist Workers' Party
altitude = 46
population = 63,237
date-population = 2005
area = 287
density = 22.3
date-density = 2005
website = http://www.ciudadalcala.com

Alcalá de Guadaíra - Arabic: قلعة الغديرة is a town located approximately 10 km southeast of Seville, Spain; in recent years the expansion of Seville has meant that Alcalá has become a suburb of that city. Alcalá used to be known as Alcalá de los Panaderos (Alcalá of the bakers) because it provided most of Seville's bread. The town is located on the banks of the River Guadaíra, and watermills built during the Moorish period of Spain can still be found in the area.

History

The Town was called Hienipo by the early Greek settlers and later Hienipensis by the Romans. Remains of both these cultures have been discovered by local archeological investigation. Alcalá was occupied by Muslim settlers in the 7th century and their name has held to modern times.Alcalá de Guadaíra was under the domination of the Muslim rulers of al-Andalus (and later the taifa kings of Seville) until its capture by the Almohads, who built extensive fortifications around the town. These fortifications on a promontory overlooking the river continue to dominate the south-west side of the town. In 1244, a few days after St.Matthew's Day, Sept. 21st., Alcalá de Guadaíra was captured by Ferdinand III of Castile and from this time the town adopted St. Matthew,(San Mateo) as its patron saint. King Ferdinand was responsible for the refurbishing of the castle and town fortifications. It was then used as a royal prison with a military presence. Following Ferdinand's death it fell into disrepair and ceased to be a prison or military barracks.In the castle precincts is The Hermitage of Our Lady of the Eagle (Nuestra Señora del Águila), this building dates from the mid 13th century when it was the principal church of the town. Over subsequent centuries, as the town expanded, more churches were constructed and the church of Santiago became the principal parish. Many of the valuable artifacts were taken from the hermitage to Santiago but the image of "La Virgin del Águila" remains there. The image of the virgin is a replica of the original that was destroyed in 1936.This town was the birthplace of Leandro José de Flores, [http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leandro_Jos%C3%A9_de_Flores] 1776 - 1839. Priest and historian.

The nearby Marchenilla castle (14th century) was built on the ruins of a Roman estate.Alcalá was home to a small but important Jewish community. In December, 1390, Archdeacon Ferand Martinez led a mob that razed the synagogue to the ground. The members of the Jewish community were soon after put to the sword.

Economy

Without doubt Alcalá de Guadaíra is an industrial town. Its industrial heritage started in the watermills constructed by the Moors on the banks of the River Guadaíra. These mills were used to grind grain to make flour which supplied bakers in the area. This led over the centuries to Alcalá's reputation as the "bread basket" of Seville. The other industry of historical times was the processing of olives. There were up to 12 olive processing factories in Alcalá in the early 20th century employing many thousands of workers, predominantly women, to prepare the olives for sale after they had been cured.Both of these industries have fallen into decline but have been replaced by a wide range of modern light and heavy industries on the numerous industrial estates in the north and west of the municipality. The town provides employment not only for local inhabitants but for residents of local towns.

Geography

Situated in southern Spain, Alcalá enjoys a mediterranean climate characterised by mild wet winters and hot dry summers. The town is on elevated terrain in relation to Seville, this area is known as Los Alcores, and Alcalá is the largest urban development in this area. The SE30 motorway runs east-west through the north part of the town and the A392 road runs from NE to SW through the town, these roads make Alcalá easily accessible.The River Guadaíra runs through the town and has in places formed a steep sided valley with low cliffs. The upper river watershed is from the land to the east and south-east of the town, it proceeds through the town and joins the Guadalquivir to the south of Seville. The river has for many years been heavily contaminated with the by-products of olive processing and other waste being dumped directly into the river. Large amounts of foam and an unpleasant smell are not uncommon features of the river in the winter. In spite of this the river provides a haven for much wildlife as its banks are well covered with trees and vegetation.On the southern side of the river is a large area of picturesque stone pine woodland, Oromana, and this is a favourite site for week-end and fiesta day outings for both locals and tourists.