- Harmonograph
A harmonograph is a mechanical apparatus that employs
pendulum s to create a geometric image. The drawings created typically areLissajous curve s, or related drawings of greater complexity. The devices, which began to appear in the mid-19th century and peaked in popularity in the 1890s, cannot be conclusively attributed to a single person, although Hugh Blackburn, a professor ofmathematics at theUniversity of Glasgow , is commonly believed to be the official inventor. [Turner, S: "Demonstrating Harmony: Some of the Many Devices Used To Produce Lissajous Curves Before the Oscilloscope", "Rittenhouse", Vol. 11, Issue 42, page 41, February 1997.]A simple, so-called 'lateral' harmonograph uses two pendulums to control the movement of a
pen relative to a drawingsurface . One pendulum moves the pen back and forth along one axis and the other pendulum moves the drawing surface back and forth along aperpendicular axis. By varying thefrequency of the pendulums relative to one another (and phase) different patterns are created. Even a simple harmonograph as described can createellipse s,spiral s, figure eights and other Lissajous figures.More complex harmonographs incorporate three or more pendulums or linked pendulums together (for example hanging one pendulum off another), or involve rotary motion in which one or more pendulums is mounted on
gimbal s to allow movement in any direction.Gallery
Notes
External links
* [http://web.njit.edu/~jcl7/pastimes/pendulum/index.html A complex harmonograph with a unique single pendulum design]
* [http://www.uniqueprojects.com/projects/harmonograph/harmonograph.htm Free plans: how to make a Large Harmonograph]
* [http://www.geocities.com/davidvwilliamson/harmonograph.html more about harmonographs]
* [http://www.sequences.org.uk/harmonograph/ Online interactive Harmonograph]
* [http://www.ashware.nl/harmonograph Beautiful interactive Harmonograph with fast live changes]
* [http://www.cove.org/default.aspx?id=1&sid=3&mid=4 Online animated harmonograph examples]
* [http://local.wasp.uwa.edu.au/~pbourke/surfaces_curves/harmonograph/ Harmonograph background, equations, and illustrations]
* [http://www.fxmtech.com/harmonograph.html A lateral harmonograph in action and a simple Excel spreadsheet]
* [http://www.walkingrandomly.com/?p=151 Simulating Harmonographs using Mathematica]
Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.