Hoshea

Hoshea

"See also Hosea, who has the same name in Biblical Hebrew."

Hoshea ("salvation") was the last king of Israel and son of Elah. William F. Albright has dated his reign to 732 BC-721 BC, while E. R. Thiele offers the dates 732 BC-722 BC.

There are two versions of how he became king. According to "2 Kings", Hoshea conspired against and slew his predecessor, Pekah ("2 Kings" 15:30); Shalmaneser V then campaigned against Hoshea, and forced him to submit and render tribute (17:3). However, an undated inscription of Tiglath-Pileser III boasts of making Hoshea ("A-ú-si-' ") king after his predecessor had been overthrown, and extracted 10 talents of gold and 10,000 talents of silver in tribute. It may be that both Tiglath-Pileser and Shalmaneser invaded Israel and both extracted tribute; Assyrian records show that Shalmaneser campaigned in Phoenicia in the years 727 BC and 725 BC.

Hoshea eventually withheld the tribute he promised Shalmaneser, expecting the support of "So, the king of Egypt". There is some mystery as to the identity of this king of Egypt: some scholars have argued that So refers to the Egyptian city Sais, and thereby refers to king Tefnakht of the 24th Dynasty; however the principal city of Egypt at this time was Tanis, which suggests that there was an unnecessary correction of the text and Kenneth Kitchen is correct in identifying "So" with Osorkon IV of the 22nd Dynasty.

The account in Bible verse|2|Kings|17:4|121 states that Shalmaneser arrested Hoshea, then laid siege to Samaria; some scholars explain that Shalmaneser must have summoned Hoshea to his court to explain the missing tribute, which resulted in the imprisonment of the king of Israel, and the Assyrian army sent into his land. Regardless of the sequence of events, the Assyrians captured Samaria after a siege of three years. However, Shalmaneser died shortly after the city fell, and the Assyrian army was recalled to secure the succession of Sargon II. The land of Israel, which had resisted the Assyrians for years without a king, again revolted. Sargon returned with the Assyrian army in 720 BC, and pacified the province, deporting the citizens of Israel beyond the Euphrates (some 27,290 according to the inscription of Sargon II), and settling people from Babylon, Cuthah, Avva, Hamath and Sepharvaim in their place ("2 Kings" 17:6, 24). The author of the "Books of Kings" states this destruction occurred "because the children of Israel sinned against the Lord" ("2 Kings" 17:7-24), not because of a political miscalculation on Hoshea's part.

What happened to Hoshea following the end of the kingdom of Israel, and when or where he died, is unknown.


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  • HOSHEA — (Heb. הוֹשֵׁעַ; probably an abbreviation of a fuller form ending with the divine appellation and meaning (Let) YHWH save ; A ú si ʾ in Assyrian inscriptions), son of Elah and the last king of Israel (732–724 B.C.E.). Hoshea secured the throne… …   Encyclopedia of Judaism

  • Hoshea — ▪ king of Israel also spelled  Hosea, or Osee,  Assyrian  Ausi,         in the Old Testament (2 Kings 15:30; 17:1–6), son of Elah and last king of Israel (c. 732–724 BC). He became king through a conspiracy in which his predecessor, Pekah, was… …   Universalium

  • Hoshea —    Salvation.    1) The original name of the son of Nun, afterwards called Joshua (Num. 13:8, 16; Deut. 32:44).    2) 1 Chr. 27:20. The ruler of Ephraim in David s time.    3) The last king of Israel. He conspired against and slew his predecessor …   Easton's Bible Dictionary

  • Hoshea Apartment — (Тель Авив,Израиль) Категория отеля: Адрес: Hoshea St. 16, Тель Авив, 63506, Израи …   Каталог отелей

  • Hoshea — see Shalmaneser V, Tiglath Pileser III. Biographical Dictionary of Ancient Egypt by Rosalie and Antony E. David …   Ancient Egypt

  • Hoshea — (fl. 8th cent, BCE)    King of Israel (732 724). He was the last king of Israel. He secured the throne after his revolt against Pekah (II Kings 15:30). He later rebelled against Assyria and was imprisoned by Shalmaneser IV, who then captured… …   Dictionary of Jewish Biography

  • Hoshea — The best known person of this name in the OT is the last king of Israel, who was defeated by the Assyrians in 724 BCE after appealing in vain for help from Egypt (2 Kgs. 17:4) …   Dictionary of the Bible

  • Kingdom of Israel (Samaria) — Kingdom of Israel ← …   Wikipedia

  • Yeshua (name) — For the article on the person, teaching, and acts of Jesus Christ, see the Jesus article. For information on the various adherents to the religious teachings of Jesus, see the articles on Christianity and Messianic Judaism. For the article on the …   Wikipedia

  • Assyrian captivity of Israel — Deportation of the Northern Kingdom of Israel by the Assyrian Empire. The Northern Kingdom of Israel was conquered by the Neo Assyrian monarchs, Tiglath Pileser III (Pul) and Shalmaneser V. The later Assyrian rulers Sargon II and his son and… …   Wikipedia

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