1583

Year 1583 was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 10-day slower Julian calendar).

Events of 1583

January - June

* January 18 - François, Duke of Anjou, attacks Antwerp.
* March 10 - The "Queen Elizabeth's Men" troupe of actors is founded.
* May - Battle of Shizugatake: Shibata Katsuie is defeated by Toyotomi Hideyoshi.These date are often disputed by authorities.

July - December

* July - Spanish admiral Santa Cruz defeats the Portuguese, French, and English off Terceira.
* August 5 - Sir Humphrey Gilbert, in what is now the city of St John's, Newfoundland, claims the island of Newfoundland on behalf of England.
* August 19 - Petru Cercel enters Bucharest, and becomes Prince of Wallachia.

Undated

* Toyotomi Hideyoshi commences construction of Osaka Castle in Japan.
* King James VI of Scotland signs a charter creating Tounis College (now the University of Edinburgh). For some unknown reason, the charter is dated a year earlier, as 1582.
* The first documented battle of India's independence against a European colonial ruler is fought by the "Desai"s of Cuncolim in Goa, against the Portuguese.
* The world's oldest, intact, still-surviving amusement park, Dyrehavsbakken, is founded.

Births

* January 8 - Simon Episcopius, Dutch theologian (d. 1643)
* March 3 - Edward Herbert, 1st Baron Herbert of Cherbury, English diplomat, poet, and philosopher (d. 1648)
* April 10 - Hugo Grotius, Dutch philosopher and writer (d. 1645)
* June 16 - Axel Oxenstierna, Lord High Chancellor of Sweden (d. 1654)
* June 20 - Jacob De la Gardie, Swedish soldier and statesman (d. 1652)
* July 2 - Dodo Knyphausen, German soldier (d. 1636)
* September - Girolamo Frescobaldi, Italian composer (d. 1643)
* September 24 - Albrecht von Wallenstein, Austrian general (d. 1634)
* November 24 - Juan Martínez de Jáuregui y Aguilar, Spanish poet (d. 1641)
* December 17 - Robert Bertie, 1st Earl of Lindsey, English adventurer and soldier (d. 1642)
* December 25 - Orlando Gibbons, English composer (d. 1625)
*"date unknown"
**Hendrick Jacobszoon Lucifer, Dutch pirate and buccaneer (d. 1627)
**Johann Heinrich Alting, German divine (d. 1644)
**John Beaumont, English poet (d. 1627)
**Bonaventura Elzevir, Dutch printer (d. 1652)
**Stanisław Lubomirski, Polish nobleman (d. 1649)
**Philip Massinger, English dramatist (d. 1640)
**Hayashi Razan, Japanese neo-Confucianist scholar (d. 1657)
*"probable"
**Alexander Henderson, Scottish theologian (d. 1646)
**Nzinga, warrior queen of Ndongo and Matamba (d. 1663)
**Aurelian Townshend, English poet (d. 1643)

: "See also ."

Deaths

* March 18 - King Magnus of Livonia (b. 1540)
* April - Lucas David, Prussian historian (b. 1503)
* May 6 – Zacharias Ursinus, German theologian (b. 1534)
* June 6
**Nakagawa Kiyohide, Japanese military commander (b. 1556)
**Shibata Katsutoyo, Japanese military commander (b. 1556)
* June 9 - Thomas Radclyffe, 3rd Earl of Sussex, Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland (b. 1525)
* June - Oda Nobutaka, Japanese samurai (b. 1558)
* July 1 - Sakuma Morimasa, Japanese samurai and warlord (beheaded)
* July 6 - Edmund Grindal, Archbishop of Canterbury (b. 1519)
* September 9 - Humphrey Gilbert, English explorer (born c. 1537)
* September 16 – Catherine Jagiellon, queen of John II of Sweden (b. 1526)
* November 11 - Gerald Fitzgerald, 15th Earl of Desmond, Irish rebel
* November 24 - René de Birague, French cardinal and chancellor (b. 1506)
* December 14 – Ivan Fyodorov, Russian printer
* December 31 - Thomas Erastus, Swiss theologian (b. 1524)
*"date unknown"
**Shibata Katsuie, Japanese military commander (b. 1530)
**Andrei Kurbskii, Russian writer (b. 1528)

: "See also ."