West Country Carnival

The West Country Carnival is an annual celebration featuring a parade of illuminated floats (termed "carts" locally), in the English West Country. The celebration dates back to the Gunpowder Plot of 1605.

The series of parades in each town now form a major regional festival. Some carts cost in excess of £20,000 to build and are the result of thousands of man hours work throughout the year. [cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/somerset/content/articles/2007/11/08/carnival_history_feature.shtml|title=Failed gunpowder plot sparks carnival history|work=BBC Somerset|publisher=BBC|accessdate=2008-07-03]

The event's purpose, as it has always been from the start, raises thousands of pounds for local charities from money collection carts in the two hour procession.

History

The timing of the West Country Carnival close to the British celebration of Bonfire night is no coincidence, as the roots of the original carnival in Bridgwater date back to 1605.cite web |url=http://www.bridgwatercarnival.org.uk/history.php |title=History of Bridgwater Guy Fawkes Carnival |accessdate=2007-11-17 |format= |work=Bridgwater Carnival ]

Guy Fawkes is the character most associated with the plot to blow up the Houses of Parliament, however the instigator was Jesuit priest Robert Parsons from Nether Stowey, a short distance from Bridgwater. Parsons and his colleagues were Catholics who wanted to put an end to the Protestant King and Parliament of the day and hence they planned their ill-fated attempt on 5 November 1605. [Antonia Fraser, The Gunpowder Plot, "Terror and Faith in 1605", London, 2002, Author's Note, pg. xv. ISBN 0-75381-401-3] [Hugh Ross Williamson, "The Gunpowder Plot", 1951]

Bonfire night is a major annual celebration across the whole of England, but it is likely that the reason that the West Country Carnival was originally so keenly celebrated is that the South West towns were predominantly Protestant — hence the celebration of Robert Parsons' (and Guy Fawkes') failure. The religious origins of the event are almost forgotten and far less significant today

Bridgwater

The original Bridgwater celebrations consisted of a large bonfire at the Cornhill. Built out of a large wooden boat, around one hundred tar barrels where added, together with just about anything else available which could be burned. This tradition was stopped due to lack of old wooden boats to burn, and because a number of good boats were thrown onto the fire and burnt by over-enthusiastic revellers.cite web |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/somerset/content/articles/2007/11/08/carnival_history_feature.shtml |title=Failed gunpowder plot sparks carnival history |accessdate=2007-11-17 |format= |work=BBC Somerset ]

Effigies or "guys" representing the gunpowder plot instigators were added to the fire by local groups of people known as "gangs". It would seem it was these gangs who started the trend towards a procession, as they paraded their guys towards the bonfire. As years passed by, the tradition was continued and the annual celebration became more and more elaborate, involving costumes and music, until the key feature of the event was a large carnival procession.

The local people who dressed up and took part in the event were known as "Masqueraders" or "Features" - terms still used today to describe the parade participants.

quibbing

In addition to the carnival procession, the tradition of "squibbing" still occurs after the procession ends. A squib locally is a firework which is held aloft by a person known as a "squibber" on the end of a long wooden handle called a "cosh". One hundred squibbers stand in line in Bridgwater town centre making an unusual but impressive sight for visitors who crowd the High Street.

Originally the squibs were made specially for Bridgwater Carnival and were known as the "Bridgwater Squib", which culminated with a large bang as each squib extinguishes. [cite web |url=http://www.cavalierscc.co.uk/Squibbing.htm |title=Squibbing |accessdate=2007-11-17 |format= |work=Cavaliers Carnival Club ] With modern Health and Safety concerns, it has become difficult to purchase squibs with a bang, and due of rising insurance costs the present day squib's used have no bang.

Lines of flammable liquid are also run along the ground by the squibbers and lit to add more to the spectacle. Visitors often think the whole sight looks a little dangerous, but the event is well organised and nobody has been hurt to date.

In 2007, 170 squibs were lit.

Modern times

The Bridgwater carnival first modernised in 1881 and was originally lit by lamps; electric lights were first introduced in 1913.

Bridgwater carnival now consists of a display of over 100 large vehicles up to convert|100|ft|m|0|lk=on long, festooned with dancers and up to 22,000 lightbulbs, that follows a convert|2.5|mi|km|0|lk=on route over two to three hours. 2005 included the "Masquerade 2000" entrants from Notting Hill Carnival, which it is hoped will become an annual entry.

Bridgwater now attracts around 150,000 people from around the West Country, UK and globally. Parking from the M5 is well sign posted and plentiful, and managed by the committee in association with Avon and Somerset Police. Public access Grandstands were introduced in the mid 1990s, which have increased in popularity over recent years: 2003 and 2004 being sold out by mid/late October. Since 2004 there have been 10 grandstands, with seating numbered and having some cover against the potential of inclement weather. The stand locations in 2006 were Broadway East (8) and Broadway West (2).

The event's purpose, as it has always been from the start, is to raise money for local charities from money collection carts in the procession. Since 2003, around £115,000 has been raised at Bridgwater Carnival.

Carnival concert

The carnival concert takes place in the weeks leading up to the carnival. At these concerts, carnival clubs perform on stage wearing their costumes and using pieces of scenery taken from their carts. After being poorly patronised for a period, the carnival concert has become a highly popular attraction in recent years, with tickets to see the event in a Bridgwater hall selling out very quickly - partly due to increased publicity, and partly as the popularity of the carnival increases it is an easy access way to see the carnival over more days

Calendar and controversy

The Bridgwater carnival had traditionally been held on Bonfire night, or November 5th. This was then formalised in 1919 post World War I, as the carnival circuits were formed to be held on the first Thursday of November - Thursday was traditionally early closing day for shops in Bridgwater.

Local Government Authorities and Businesses were keen to the reschedule the event to a weekend date - presumably to make it more convenient for visitors to attend. This met strong resistance from many locals who believe the tradition of so many years should be maintained, and from others who are concerned that the new timing could affect the ability of clubs to participate in other local carnival processions - North Petherton carnival has traditionally taken place on the following Saturday. The new timing would also spoil another local tradition known as "Black Friday" where locals celebrate their hard work on carnival in an alcoholic manner.

However, accepting that shops and work times in the present have changed greatly and the local economic business need, the Bridgwater Carnival Committee decided, not without much controversy, to move the Carnival to a Friday with effect from 2001. This was part of a strategy to keep the carnival alive in the long term, with the committee working with Sedgemoor District Council to provide entertainment for visitors from midday on Carnival day. It is hoped that as a result of the changed date many visitors will come earlier and stay longer, perhaps taking in some of the other Carnivals and entertainment provided locally.

The carnival circuit

The Bridgwater carnival was the first carnival of its type, however other carnival processions within the South West began some years ago. They start in late August and continue until late November. The oldest and largest circuit is the Somerset County Guy Fawkes Carnival Association Circuit which starts at Bridgwater, with many of the carts will appear in all of the carnivals. Prizes are awarded in several categories for the best carts in each carnival.

The three circuits are:
* Wessex Grand Prix Circuit: Sturminster Newton, the third Thursday in August/weekend before Bank Holiday; Trowbridge; Mere; Frome; Shaftesbury; Gillingham; Castle Cary & Ansford; Wincanton; Warminster
* South Somerset Federation Of Carnival Committee Circuit: Wellington held on the last Saturday in September; Ilminster; Chard; Taunton; Yeovil
* Somerset County Guy Fawkes Carnival Association Circuit: Bridgwater on the Friday following the nearest Thursday to 5th November; North Petherton on the following Saturday; Burnham-on-Sea on the following Monday; Shepton Mallet on the following Wednesday; Wells on the following Friday; Glastonbury & Chilkwell on the following Saturday; Weston-super-Mare on the following Monday, the last carnival in the whole circuit

There is one unofficial carnival in the circuit, held at Midsomer Norton on the Thursday between the Shepton Mallet and Wells carnivals. There are also a series of unofficial Christmas carnivals, including Sidmouth.

Carts and floats

Uniquely in the West Country, the vehicles are called carnival "carts", unlike other carnivals where the term carnival float is used. The term "cart" is still used today to describe the large and elaborate trailers used in the procession. Carts are built by local clubs of individuals funded totally by charitable donations and sponsorship from local businesses.

Carts are always themed, with no restriction on the theme from the organising committee. Regularly chosen themes include:
* Popular children's books - like Alice in Wonderland
* Favourite children's characters - such as Disney characters
* Scenes or themes from history - like Pre-Historic, Victorian or famous Battles
* Scenes or themes from around the world - such as Australia, Rio de Janeiro or Spanish
* Travel and transport - such as cars or trains, e.g. The Chattanooga Choo-Choo
* Popular themes of the day - including pop songs or dances
* The future or exploration - such as space

Carts include both music and costumed people to complete their theme. People and items on the cart can either be moving, or static in tableau format - the later being difficult to hold position for on a cold November evening.

Today these carts are driven by farmers' tractors, and usually also tow a large diesel driven electricity generator to provide the huge amount of power required to power the carts. Some generators used can provide over a megawatt of power, with 10,000 to 30,000 light bulbs not uncommon on a modern day cart. [cite web|url=http://www.scuk.co.uk/|title=Somerset Carnivals|work=Somerset Carnivals|accessdate=2008-07-03] The tractors themselves are often decorated to match the rest of the cart and generator, and in some cases modified so that the driver is positioned low down between the two front wheels. This allows for a higher degree of decoration without obscuring the driver's view. The length of the entire cart is often built to the maximum allowable of convert|100|ft|m|0.

Carnival clubs

Carts or floats are built by local clubs, which as local charities themselves are aimed specifically and solely at raising funds for other charities which operate within their locality. Clubs generate all funds required to build and operate their carts totally by charitable donations from individuals and sponsorship from local businesses - all funds raised during the carnival season are wholly distributed by the club charity. Some carts cost in excess of £20,000 to build and are the result of thousands of man-hours work throughout the year. Most clubs are based around local working or social circles, such as pubs and clubs. Many clubs have specialist Juvenile Carnival clubs for the under 18s. To join an adult 18 and over club, an initiation ceremony is often involved. All work is carried out in the spare time of the club members on a voluntary basis - often working all night in the final few days to get carts ready.

At the end of the carnival season, many think that the work is over until the next year - but for the Carnivalites, the season never ends. Before Christmas new club officers are voted in for the following year, and by the end of January the idea for next year has already been chosen and plans are being made. Then the fund-raising begins: bars, buffets, race nights, bingo nights, anything to keep raising funds.

It is surprising with all the expense that anyone pulls out a cart or puts on a show at all, but that’s where the spirit of Carnival comes into play. Being a member of such an organisation not only gives plenty to do in members' spare time and an excellent social life, but the sense of pride when everything comes together for the opening night of concerts or the feeling members get when they pull the cart out of the shed on carnival day.

List of carnival clubs

The following is a list of major carnival clubs and their home town locations:

*2Rs Carnival Club - Temple Cloud, Bristol
* [http://www.alienscarnivalclub.com Aliens Carnival Club] - Frome, Somerset
* [http://www.bbc.co.uk/somerset/content/articles/2004/09/23/aysheberton_stannary_carnival_club_org.shtml Aysheberton Stannary Carnival Club] - Ashburton, Devon
*Bridgwater YMCA Carnival Club - Bridgwater, Somerset
*Brimgrovers Carnival Club - Shepton Beauchamp, Somerset
* [http://www.freewebs.com/britcc05/ Britannia Carnival Club] - Castle Cary, Somerset
*British Flag Carnival Club - Bridgwater, Somerset
* [http://www.cavalierscc.co.uk/ Cavaliers Carnival Club] - Bridgwater, Somerset
* [http://www.carycomedians.co.uk/ Cary Comedians Carnival Club] - Castle Cary, Somerset
* [http://www.bbc.co.uk/somerset/content/articles/2004/09/23/centurions_carnival_club_org.shtml Centurions Carnival Club] - a tableau club based in Bridgwater, Somerset
* [http://www.chameleoncarnivalclub.co.uk/ Chameleon Carnival Club] - Frome and Somerton, Somerset
*Cobra Carnival Club
* [http://www.crusaderscc.co.uk/ Crusaders Carnival Club] - Bridgwater, Somerset
* [http://www.dominocc.co.uk/ Domino Carnival Club] - Chard, Somerset
* [http://www.en-spiredcc.co.uk/ En-spired Carnival Club] - Salisbury, Wiltshire
*Excalibur Carnival Club - Topsham, Devon
* [http://www.geminicc.co.uk/ Gemini Carnival Club] - Ilminster, Somerset
* [http://www.globecc.co.uk/ Globe Carnival Club] - Wells, Somerset
* [http://www.goldentrianglecc.co.uk/ Golden Triangle Carnival Club] - Ilminster, Somerset
* [http://gorgonscc.co.uk/ Gorgons Carnival Club] - Wells, Somerset
*Gremlins Carnival Club - Bridgwater Sports & Social Club, Bath Road, Bridgwater
* [http://www.bbc.co.uk/somerset/content/articles/2004/09/23/griffens_carnival_club_org.shtml Griffens Carnival Club] - created by the merger of the Griffens and Bath Bridge Carnival Clubs. Based at the Squib Pub on West Street, Bridgwater, Somerset
* [http://www.harlequincc.co.uk/ Harlequin Carnival Club] - Bell Inn, Ilminster, Somerset
* [http://www.highspiritscc.org.uk/ High Spirits Carnival Club] - Honiton, Devon
* [http://www.hillviewjcc.co.uk/ Hillview Juvenile Carnival Club] - Highbridge, Somerset
* [http://www.charltonpark.freeserve.co.uk/ Huckyduck Carnival Club] - Coleford, Somerset
* [http://www.justgeorges.co.uk/ Just Georges Carnival Club] - Sturminster Newton, Dorset
*King William Carnival Club
* [http://www.bbc.co.uk/somerset/content/articles/2004/09/23/lime_kiln_carnival_club_org.shtml Lime Kiln Carnival Club] - Bridgwater, Somerset
*Magnum Carnival Club
*Luckington Carnival Club
* [http://www.marina-sydenham-jcc.co.uk/ Marina Sydenham Juvenile Carnival Club] - Bridgwater, Somerset
* [http://www.marketeerscc.co.uk/ Marketeers Carnival Club] - Bridgwater, Somerset
* [http://www.masqueraders.co.uk/ Masqueraders Carnival Club] - Meare, Glastonbury, Somerset
* [http://www.mendipvalecc.org/ Mendip Vale Carnival Club] - Wells, Somerset
* [http://www.motiv8carnivalclub.50megs.com/ Motiv8 Carnival Club]
*New Beginnings Carnival Club - Taunton, Somerset
*New Market Carnival Club - Bridgwater, Somerset
* [http://www.nncc.bravehost.com/ Nunsford Nutters Carnival Club] - Colyton, Devon
* [http://www.oasiscarnival.co.uk Oasis Carnival Club] - Frome, Somerset
*Pentathlon Carnival Club - North Petherton, Somerset
*Peredins Carnival Club
* [http://www.phoenixcc.org.uk/ Phoenix Carnival Club] - Honiton, Devon
*Poppe Inne Carnival Club - Tatworth near Chard, Somerset
* [http://www.bbc.co.uk/somerset/content/articles/2004/09/23/prattens_carnival_club_org.shtml Prattens Carnival Club] - Prattens-Westfield Amateur Sports and Social Club, Charlton Road, Midsomer Norton
*Rainbow/Oddbins Carnival Club
* [http://www.ramblers-carnival-club.co.uk/ Ramblers Carnival Club] - formed 1962 in Bridgwater, Somerset
*Rascals Juvenile Carnival Club - Ilminster, Somerset
* [http://www.bbc.co.uk/somerset/content/articles/2004/09/23/revellers_carnival_club_org.shtml Revellers Carnival Club] - Motcombe near Shaftesbury, Dorset
*Shambles Carnival Club - Shepton Mallet, Somerset
*Sidvale Carnival Club - Sidford, Devon
* [http://stpeterscc.somersetguyfawkescarnivals.co.uk/ St. Peters Carnival Club] - Yeovil, Somerset
* [http://www.tangocarnivalclub.co.uk/ Tango Juvenile Carnival Club] - Salcombe Regis, Devon
* [http://www.vagabondscc.co.uk/ Vagabonds Carnival Club] - The Commercial Inn in Bridgwater, Somerset
* [http://www.bbc.co.uk/somerset/content/articles/2004/09/23/waterside_carnival_club_org.shtml Waterside Carnival Club] - Midsomer Norton, Somerset
* [http://www.freewebs.com/wickcc/ Wick Carnival Club] - Glastonbury, Somerset
*Wilfs Carnival Club - The Newmarket Hotel in Bath Road, Bridgwater
*Wills Carnival Club - Bridgwater, Somerset
*Yeovil Boys Brigade Carnival Club - Yeovil, Somerset
*Young At Heart Pilgrims Carnival Club - Puriton, Somerset

ee also

* Bridgwater
* Carnival
* Festivals in the United Kingdom
* Fête des lumières, in Lyon, France

References

Bibliography

* "Remember Remember". The Story of Bridgwater Carnival", written by Chris Hocking who is president of Bridgwater Guy Fawkes Carnival Committee
* "Somerset Carnivals: A Celebration of 400 Years", Roger Evans & Peter Nichols, ISBN 1-84114-483-5
* " "Bridgwater with and without the 'e' " "', Roger Evans, ISBN 0-9525674-0-7
* "A History of Bridgwater", J.C. Lawrence, ISBN 1-86077-363-X
* "Bridgwater Victorian Days", Philip James Squibbs, ISBN 0-9501022-1-0
* "Somerset in the Age of Steam", Peter Stanier, ISBN 0-86183-481-X

Gallery

External links

* [http://www.somersetcarnivals.co.uk Somerset Carnivals]
* [http://www.bridgwatercarnival.org.uk/ Bridgwater Carnival] (official site)
* [http://www.bbc.co.uk/somerset/entertainment/carnival/index.shtml BBC Somerset: Carnival]
* [http://www.somersetguyfawkescarnivals.co.uk/ Somerset Guy Fawkes Carnivals]
* [http://www.mndca.co.uk/index.html Midsomer Norton Carvival Association]
* [http://www.wincantoncarnival.com/ Wincanton Carnival]