Richard Spencer RN

Captain Sir Richard Spencer KCH, RN (1779-1839) was a sea captain of the Royal Navy who served in a number of battles, particularly against the French. Later in life he settled in Albany, Western Australia and was appointed Government Resident in 1833. He was born in Southwark, in London's dockland.

Naval career

He joined the ship's complement of the 38-gun frigate "HMS Arethusa", in 1793, as captain's servant. He joined the 74-gun "HMS Leviathan" in 1794. He took part in the 3rd Battle of Ushant, also known as the Glorious First of June, in 1794. He transferred to the "Sans Pareil" after she was captured in the battle. He was wounded in action on 23rd June. He became midshipman in 1795 and moved to "HMS Hornet", a 16-gun sloop, under Robert Larkan. He went with Larkan to the latter's new command, the 20-gun "HMS Camilla", in September 1797. In 1799, he became lieutenant. He was commissioned into "HMS Queen Charlotte", a 100-gun ship of the line. However, she blew up in an accident, before he could join her. He joined the 80-gun "Guillaume Tell", one of the few French ships to escape Nelson at the Battle of the Nile. She had, however, subsequently been captured. She was then renamed "HMS Malta". He then joind the sloop "Cameleon", as lieutenant to the captain. This vessel supported the campaign to oust Napoleon's troops from Egypt. He was captured in Genoa, in 1803, having been put ashore after hostilities had again broken out, after the Treaty of Amiens. He escaped in a Danish vaessel "Enighiden" and was rescued by "HMS Phoebe", a 36-gun frigate. From here, he was transferred to "HMS Victory", Nelson's flagship in the Mediterranean. He gave Nelson what information he had gleaned from his stay in Genoa. Nelson appointed him to command the captured "Le Renard", a fast schooner. Her name was changed to "HMS Crafty". He was injured by an oar, on board the "Crafty"'s jolly boat, which may have left a permanent mark on his health. He did not take part in the Battle of Trafalgar but he had lost a useful friend in Nelson. In 1806, he captured vessels running sulphur from Sicily to Toulon, France, for making gunpowder. He took part in the Battle of Maida, in which his vessel harassed the retreating French army. This engagement gave rise to the name Maida Vale, a suburb of London. By successful diplomacy, he obtained the release of Christian slaves from the Dey of Algiers. He personally saved his ship from accidental destruction by the much larger "HMS Eagle", in Valetta harbour. He had to surrender his ship to three Spanish privateers, in 1807. He was later cleared by court martial. He was involved in action against the Dutch, in the East Indies, in command of "HMS Samarang" and then "HMS Blanche". Prize money acquired during his successful career, enabled him and his family to settle down, after the end of hostilities, in 1815.

Marriage

While in the evening of his Royal Navy career, he married Ann Warden Liddon, of Charmouth, near Lyme Regis in Dorset, England. Their first son, Richard, was born in Charmouth in 1814 but died in Malta in 1815. They were to have 10 children.

Lyme Regis

He bought a house in Lyme Regis, in 1817. This was situated on the Exeter road, overlooking the Cobb harbour. After the great storm of 1824, no doubt stimulated by fears for the safety of shipping on that treacherous coast, he was engaged in pioneering ideas for a buoyant and self-righting 'lifeboat'. This was an adapted pilot boat, with copper buoyancy tanks fitted.

Knighthood and Australia

Richard Spencer followed news of the colonisation of Australia with interest. He determined to emigrate, for the sake of the future of his several children. He was unexpectedly knighted in 1833. He became a Military Knight Commander of the Royal Hannoverian Guelphic Order. This was not a government nomination but was in the personal gift of King William IV. He was appointed Government Resident of the settlement of Albany, Australia, in 1833. In his time in Australia, he pioneered farming methods suitable to that difficult terrain and climate. Spencer arrived in Australia in 1835 and died in 1839, his two eldest sons died shortly after their fathers death in two tragic accidents.

Post script

*His home, built in 1831, was called The Old Farm and was located at Strawberry Hill in the Albany suburb of Mira Mar. He and his family took ownership in 1833 and arrived in Albany in 1835. It is now preserved by the National Trust of Australia. (The Old Farm at Strawberry Hill has exceptional national and state cultural significance as it was the first farm in the state of Western Australia, about convert|6|acre|m2 being developed by the officers of the Military settlement of King George Sound. Vegetables were grown there for the survival of the soldiers and then the early settlers. A cottage was constructed by Dr Alexander Collie, the first Government Resident, for a visit by Governor Stirling in 1831. It was extended in 1836 by Richard Spencer.)
*The painting 'The Day After the Battle of Trafalgar' is not by this Richard Spencer but by the maritime artist Richard B. Spencer who flourished between 1840 and 1874. The ships and hulks are depicted in their dismasted state, on a turbulent and livid green sea.
*Spencer Gulf, off the Great Australian Bight and West of Adelaide, was named after the 2nd Earl Spencer, First Lord of the Admiralry until February 1801, not this Richard Spencer. Matthew Flinders charted it and named it, while exploring in the "Investigator", in 1802.

References

* [http://www.cronab.demon.co.uk/ History of ships of the Royal Navy]
* [http://www.pbenyon.plus.com/Naval_History/ Naval history]
* [http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/94713ad445ff1425ca25682000192af2/0686b7cd3cf5a2beca2569de0025c18e!OpenDocument National Trusts of Australia - history of The Old Farm, Strawberry Hill]
* [http://www.vnc.qld.edu.au/enviro/flinders/f-p-ssg.htm Exploration of Spencer Gulf]
*"Richard Spencer" by Gwen Chessell - Staples (2005)