- Joe Gormley
Joseph (Joe) Gormley, Baron Gormley, OBE (
5 July 1917 –27 May 1993 ) was President of theNational Union of Mineworkers from 1971 to 1982.Gormley was born in
Ashton-in-Makerfield , inLancashire in 1917. He became a miner at the age of fourteen and served in many aspects of the coal mining industry. He was an activetrade union official and became a committee member ofNational Union of Mineworkers (NUM) in 1957. He served as general secretary of the north-western region from April 1961, before he joined the national executive in 1963.In 1971, he was elected as leader of the NUM and presided over the strike that started on
9 January 1972 . The strike lasted for seven weeks and after a month caused power cuts. Emergency measures were used to economise on electricity by reducing the working week to three days.cite web
year = 2002
url = http://www.agor.org.uk/cwm/themes/events/1972_1974_strikes.asp
title = 1972 and 1974 Miners' Strikes
format = HTML
publisher = University of Wales Swansea
accessdate = 29 December
accessyear = 2002] After much negotiation the strike was resolved on25 February 1972 with greatly increased pay and concessions won by the miners.cite web
year = 1972
url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/february/25/newsid_2516000/2516687.stm
title = Miners call off crippling coal strike
format = HTML
publisher = BBC
accessdate = 25 February
accessyear = 1972]Two years later, the miners voted again for a strike which started on
4 February 1974 .Edward Heath called a snap election on this issue, asking the public to decide over whether unions had too much power. Gormley tried to persuade the National Executive Conference to postpone the strike until after any election, but this advice was not followed; the strike went ahead. After the election replaced the Tories with a new Labour government, the union's demands were met. The new "Plan for Coal" of that year was extremely ambitious. In 1981, Thatcher threatened to break with the plan and close 23 pits. When a national strike was threatened, Thatcher backed down; many miners went on unofficial strike in the year, but Gormley rejected calls for a national strike.Allegation
During 2002 there were allegations that Gormley had worked for
Special Branch by passing on information of extremism within his own union. An anonymous witness, claimed to be a Special Branch officer, who made this allegation, said Gormley did this because "he loved his country. He was a patriot and he was very wary and worried about the growth of militancy within his own union".cite web
year = 2002
url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/programmes/true_spies/2351547.stm
title = Former NUM chief was police informer
format = HTML
publisher = BBC
accessdate = 24 October
accessyear = 2002] He had always been a moderate leader and his members were, on average, more prepared to resort to militancy.He left the post in 1982 and was replaced by the more left-wing
Arthur Scargill . In 1982 his last-minute appeal got miners to accept a Government offer of a 9.3 percent raise, rejecting Arthur Scargills' call for a strike authorisation. [cite news | url=http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9E01E1DB1E38F937A15752C0A964948260&sec=health&spon=&pagewanted=print |title=The World; British Miners Settle for Less | publisher= New York Times | date=January 24 ,1982 ] One of Gormley's long-term impacts that affected the 1984-5 strike was his role in the wage reforms of 1977. The reforms paid miners a wage proportionate to the output of their region. This gave the Nottinghamshire miners the highest wages of all and they were very reluctant to go on strike in 1984, when none of their pits were under threat and they had high wages to lose. Another key issue is that two ballots of the NUM membership rejected these reforms, and Gormley responded by declaring productivity schemes to now be an issue for the regional committees to decide, with or without a regional ballot. When this was challenged in a high court as a violation of union rules, the court upheld Gormley's decision. This confusion over when the NUM needed to hold a ballot became an issue of huge importance during the 1984-5 strike, when Scargill tried to mimic Gormley's methods and make a national strike into something that regional committees could decide on.He was made a
life peer as Baron Gormley, of Ashton-in-Makerfield inGreater Manchester in the 1982 Birthday Honours.Autobiography
*cite book | title= Battered cherub | author=Joe Gormley | id=ISBN 0-241-10754-7 | publisher=Hamilton | year = 1982
References
ee also
cite web
year = 2004
url = http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/52082
title =Oxford Dictionary of National Biography article by Paul Routledge, "Gormley, Joseph, Baron Gormley (1917–1993)"
format = HTML
publisher = Oxford University Press
accessdate = 3 December
accessyear = 2006
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