Yang di-Pertua Negeri

Yang di-Pertua Negeri

"Yang di-Pertua Negeri", literally the "head of state" in Malay, is the official title of the (largely symbolic) State Governors of the Malaysian states of Penang, Malacca, Sabah and Sarawak, who are appointed by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong or King of Malaysia.

Before 1976, the heads of state of Penang, Malacca and Sarawak were titled Governor in English and "Yang di-Pertua Negeri" in Malay, whereas the head of state of Sabah was titled "Yang di-Pertua Negara" in both languages. Singapore had a "Yang di-Pertuan Negara" when it gained self-government under British sovereignty in 1959. The title was used by the state governor while Singapore was a part of Malaysia until 1965, when it left Malaysia to become an independent republic. Since 1976 the heads of state of Penang, Malacca, Sabah and Sarawak have been titled "Yang di-Pertua Negeri" in both languages.

In present day usage "negeri" and "negara" mean "state (sub-national)" and "state (country)" respectively, though the word "negeri" was formerly used indiscriminately. The distinction between "Yang di-Pertua" and "Yang di-Pertuan" is finer, but present usage is somewhat like the English words "head" and "ruler".

List of Yang di-Pertua Negeri

Malacca

arawak

ee also

* Yang di-Pertuan Agong
* Yang di-Pertuan Besar
* Yang di-Pertuan Negara
* Yang di-Pertua Negeri Sarawak
* Malay titles


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