USS Narwhal (SSN-671)

:"See USS "Narwhal" for other ships of the same name."USS "Narwhal" (SSN-671), a unique submarine, was the third ship of the United States Navy to be named for the narwhal, a gray and white arctic whale.

Her keel was laid down on 17 January 1966 by the Electric Boat Division of General Dynamics Corporation, in Groton, Connecticut. She was launched on 9 September 1967 sponsored by Glynn R. Donaho, and commissioned on 12 July 1969 with Commander W. A. Matson in command.

Design

Very little of the "Narwhal"’s design was based on the "Sturgeon" class of attack submarine. Her power plant, engine room, and forward compartment layout was unlike any other U.S. submarine. Forward of her reactor compartment the crew enjoyed more available space and berthing than her "Permit", "Sturgeon" and "Los Angeles" class sisters. Her engine room was spacious and well laid out.

Elements of her propulsion were incorporated in later ship classes, especially the "Ohio"s, but no other submarine has used all of "Narwhal"’s innovations. These innovations included a natural circulation reactor plant, scoop seawater injection (which was not repeated), the ability to cross connect main and auxiliary seawater systems, main air ejectors instead of noisy R-114 units for cooling, and a directly-coupled main engine turbine. Her small reactor coolant pumps had two speeds: On and Off. The result was the quietest submarine of her era, and for many years to follow. Her silence was equaled only by the Tridents and finally surpassed by the "Seawolfs".

Many felt that the "Narwhal" was a bridge between the design of the "Los Angeles" class and the preceding "Sturgeon" class, but in many ways she was far superior. The S5G reactor, while larger in general arrangement, produced more power than a regular S5W enabling the "Narwhal" to maintain about the same speed as her later "Los Angeles" sisters.

"Narwhal" was fitted with a "turtleback" structure just forward of her rudder that may have been used for remote-controlled underwater vehicles, or for housing an experimental towed sonar array.

Career

Little information about "Narwhal"’s career is available. It was not an uneventful career; it included a very heavy deployment rate interrupted only by three overhauls (two involving reactor refueling). She was really in her element in the northern waters, easily shadowing Russian vessels. Those deployments earned "Narwhal" a Navy Unit Commendation for a 1972 deployment, and Meritorious Unit Commendations for operations in 1971, 1977, 1979, and 1998. She also earned five Battle Efficiency "Es," four Engineering "Es," and awards of the Anti-Submarine Warfare "A," the Communications "C" and the Supply "E." With the capabilities possessed by "Narwhal", it is considered likely that she was used for eavesdropping of communications and fleet operations, very close to Soviet shores. She may have also been utilized for special operations duty.

"Narwhal" sustained minor damage on 22 September 1989 when Hurricane Hugo hit Charleston, South Carolina. The boat was moored with nine double wires and two three-inch ship's lines in preparation for the storm. All but one of the lines parted during the first half of the storm, and the boat drifted into the Cooper River. Tugboats and "Narwhal"’s crew tried unsuccessfully to move the submarine back to the pier before the second half of the storm. As the storm resumed, "Narwhal" submerged in the river and rode out the remainder of the hurricane with only part of her sail exposed.

"Narwhal" was deactivated, while still in commission, on 16 January 1999 in Norfolk, Virginia. She was decommissioned and stricken from the Naval Vessel Register on 1 July 1999, and entered the Navy's Nuclear Powered Ship and Submarine Recycling Program in Bremerton, Washington on 1 October 2001. For a time, it appeared that unlike most hulks processed through the NPSSRP, "Narwhal" would not be scrapped. Legislation signed on 30 September 2003 authorized the Secretary of the Navy to transfer "Narwhal" to the National Submarine Science Discovery Center (NSSDC) in Newport, Kentucky. The nuclear reactor and propulsion equipment would be removed and replaced with a plug of the proper dimensions and shape, containing a theater and classroom. However, on 26 April 2006, Peter Kay, board chair of the Discovery Center, announced the cancellation of the exhibit; fundraising fell about $1.5 million short of the $2 million needed [http://news.cincypost.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20060427/NEWS01/604270390] .

References

This article includes information collected from the Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships and the Web site of the [http://www.nssdc.us/ National Submarine Science Discovery Center] .

ee also

* [http://www.fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/ship/docs/mission_report1.htm Farewell to "Narwhal"] by CAPT William A. Matson, USN (ret.)
* [http://www.navsource.org/archives/08/08671.htm Pictures of "Narwhal"] at NavSource Online: Submarine Photo Archive