The Man Who Was Thursday

Infobox Book
name = The Man Who Was Thursday: a Nightmare
title_orig =
translator =


image_caption =
author = G. K. Chesterton
illustrator =
cover_artist =
country = United Kingdom
language = English
series =
genre = Thriller novel
publisher = J.W. Arrowsmith
release_date = 1908
english_release_date =
media_type = Print (Hardcover)
pages = viii, 330 pp
isbn = NA
preceded_by =
followed_by =

"The Man Who Was Thursday: A Nightmare" is a novel by G. K. Chesterton, first published in 1908. The book has been referred to as a metaphysical thriller. Its importance was recognized in its later revival in paperback by Ballantine Books as the thirty-second volume of the celebrated "Ballantine Adult Fantasy series" in July, 1971.

Although it deals with anarchists, the novel is not an exploration or rebuttal of anarchist thought; Chesterton's "ad hoc" construction of "Philosophical Anarchism" is distinguished from ordinary anarchism and is referred to several times not so much as a rebellion against government but as a rebellion against God.

The novel has been described as "one of the hidden hinges of twentieth-century writing, the place where, before our eyes, the nonsense-fantastical tradition of Lewis Carroll and Edward Lear pivots and becomes the nightmare-fantastical tradition of Kafka and Borges." [Gopnik, Adam, "The Back of the World: The Troubling Genius of G.K. Chesterton." "New Yorker", July 7 and 14, 2008, p.52]

Plot summary

In a surreal turn-of-the-century London, Gabriel Syme, a poet, is recruited to a secret anti-anarchist taskforce at Scotland Yard. Lucian Gregory, an anarchist poet, is the only poet in Saffron Park, until he loses his temper in an argument over the purpose of poetry with Gabriel Syme, who takes the opposite view. After some time, the frustrated Gregory finds Syme and leads him to a local anarchist meeting-place to prove that he is a true anarchist. Instead of the anarchist Gregory getting elected, the officer Syme uses his wits and is elected as the local representative to the worldwide Central Council of Anarchists. The Council consists of seven men, each using the name of a day of the week as a code name; Syme is given the name of Thursday. In his efforts to thwart the council's intentions, however, he discovers that five of the other six members are also undercover detectives; each was just as mysteriously employed and assigned to defeat the Council of Days. They all soon find out that they are fighting each other and not real anarchists; such was the mastermind plan of the genius Sunday. In a dizzying and surreal conclusion, the six champions of order and former anarchist ring-leaders chase down the disturbing and whimsical Sunday, the man who calls himself "The Peace of God".

Details

Like most of Chesterton's fiction, the story is heavy in Christian allegory. Chesterton, a devout Christian by this time (he joined the Roman Catholic church about 15 years later), suffered from depression for much of his life, and claimed afterwards that he wrote this book as an unusual affirmation that goodness and right were at the heart of every aspect of the world. He had hoped the book would serve as an encouragement to himself and to other members of his family who also had the tendency to become melancholic.

On an interesting note the costumes that the anarchists/detectives don towards the end of the book represent what was created on their respective day. Sunday, 'the sabbath and the peace of God', sits upon a throne in front of them. His last words, 'can ye drink of the cup that I drink of?', is the question that Jesus asks James and John in The Gospel of Mark, Mark 10#Journey to Jerusalem
chapter 10, vs 38-39, to challenge their commitment in becoming his disciples. The name of the girl Syme loves, Rosamond, is derived from 'Rosa Mundi', meaning 'Rose of the World' in Latin, and a title given to Christ. Chesterton would have meant this as a deliberate allusion.

Gabriel Syme

The character of Gabriel Syme, a man who wants to destroy Sunday because he is afraid of him and a 'man should leave nothing in the universe standing that he is afraid of', eventually finds that he embodies everything that he was fighting for. What Syme details about his upbringing is very much Chesterton's own upbringing, making him perhaps the most autobiographical of all of Chesterton's fictional characters.

Annotations

Martin Gardner edited "The Annotated Thursday" which provides a great deal of biographical and contextual information in the form of footnotes, along with the entire text of the book, original reviews from the time of the book's first publication, and comments made by Chesterton on the book at various times. Originally published by Ignatius Press, the book has been out of print. A less thorough annotation was done for the edition of the novel published as part of "The Collected Works of G. K. Chesterton", also from Ignatius Press.

Mercury Theatre adaptation

On September 5 1938 the Mercury Theatre on the Air staged a somewhat abridged radio-play adaptation written by Orson Welles who was a great admirer of Chesterton. This was almost two months before the more famous "War of the Worlds" broadcast.

Although it remained true to the book and is admired by most fans of Chesterton, its abridgements render it somewhat harder to understand, mostly because it omits some of the metaphysical and theological discussions and treats much of the whimsical and comedic asides rather too dramatically. Almost all of "Chapter 14: The Six Philosophers" is left out, in which the greater part of the metaphysical speculation is found. Those who have not read the book might find the play somewhat baffling.Fact|date=September 2007

Notable quotations

Gabriel Syme, the protagonist (Thursday)

*" [...] no man should leave in the universe anything of which he is afraid."
*"The rare, strange thing is to hit the mark; the gross, obvious thing is to miss it."
*"Chaos is dull [...] "
*" [...] what is there poetical about being in revolt? You might as well say that it is poetical to be sea-sick. [...] Revolt in the abstract is — revolting. It's mere vomiting. [...] It is things going right [...] that is poetical!"
*" [...] just at present you only see the tree by the light of the lamp. I wonder when you would ever see the lamp by the light of the tree."
*" [...] always be comic in a tragedy. What the deuce else can you do?"
*"The moderns say we must not punish heretics. My only doubt is whether we have a right to punish anyone else."
*"Don't you see we've checkmated each other? [...] I can't tell the police you are an anarchist. You can't tell the anarchists I'm a policeman."

The police

*"No one has any experience of the Battle of Armageddon." (The Police Chief)
*"Well, really, I don’t know of any profession of which mere willingness is the final test.":"I do. Martyrs. I am sending you to your death. Good day." (Syme and the Police Chief, again)
*"We deny the snobbish English assumption that the uneducated are the dangerous criminals. We remember the Roman Emperors. We remember the great poisoning princes of the Renaissance. We say that the most dangerous criminal is the educated criminal. We say that the most dangerous criminal is the entirely lawless modern philosopher. Compared to him, burglars and bigamists are essentially moral people, and my heart goes out to them." (The Policeman)

Lucian Gregory, the anarchist

*"The silly sentimentalists of the French Revolution talked about the Rights of Man! We hate rights and we hate wrongs. We have abolished right and wrong." (Lucian Gregory)

Wilks "de Worms" (Friday)

*"Young man, I am amused to observe that you think I am a coward. As to that I shall say only one word, and it will be entirely in the manner of your own philosophical rhetoric. You think it is impossible to pull down the President. I know it is impossible, and I am going to try it." (Friday)

References

*cite book | last=Cawthorn | first=James |coauthors = Michael Moorcock | title=Fantasy:The 100 Best Books | location=New York | publisher=Carroll & Graf| pages=51-52 | date=1988 | id=ISBN 0-312-15897-1
*cite book | last=Clute | first=John | authorlink=John Clute | coauthors = John Grant | title=The Encyclopedia of Fantasy | location=New York | publisher=St. Martin's Press| pages=181 | date=1997 | id=ISBN 0-88184-708-9

Popular culture

*In the popular video game "Deus Ex", one can read excerpts from the novel in books located in several areas of the game. Also in the game is a narcotic called "Zyme". Gabriel Syme is also listed as a guest at a hotel in the game.
*Robert Hanssen, the staunchly Catholic FBI agent who was arrested and convicted in 2001 for selling state secrets to the USSR and, later, the Russian Federation, was a great admirer of this book. He used to recommend it and lend copies of the book to friends and co-workers. See the book by Vise, "The Bureau and the Mole".
*Syme (no first name given) is a co-worker and frequent lunch companion of Winston Smith at the Ministry of Truth in George Orwell's novel "Nineteen Eighty-four".
*The Toni Morrison novel "Song of Solomon" also uses the notion of a criminal syndicate of seven men, organized by the days of the week.

External links

*gutenberg|no=1695|name=The Man Who Was Thursday, a nightmare
* [http://manybooks.net/titles/chestertetext99tmwht10.html e-text of this book, several formats]
* [http://www.cse.dmu.ac.uk/~mward/gkc/books/thursday-after.txt e-text of a note on the book by G. K. Chesterton]
* [http://www.mercurytheatre.info/ A radio play based on the book by the Mercury Theatre on Air]
* [http://www.chesterton.org/discover/lectures/10thursday.html Dale Ahlquist's Lecture on "Thursday"] for the American Chesterton Society
* [http://www.discovery.org/scripts/viewDB/index.php?command=view&id=1145 Sonja West's C.S. Lewis Institute lecture on "Thursday"]
* [http://www.cse.dmu.ac.uk/~mward/gkc/380905.mp3 Mercury Theatre dramatisation] of "The Man Who Was Thursday" (MP3, 26.3 MiB, 1 hour)
* [http://www.audiobooksforfree.com/download/default.asp?refnum=1000331 A free unabridged audiobook of "The Man Who Was Thursday"]