Zoisite

:"This article is about the mineral named zoisite. For the Sailor Moon character, see Shitennou."

Infobox mineral
name = Zoisite
category = Silicate mineral
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caption = Anyolite (left) & tanzanite
formula = Ca₂Al₃(SiO₄)(Si₂O₇)O(OH)
color = Gray, yellow, blue, green.
habit = Crystals flattened in an acicular manner, may be fibrously curved
system = Orthorhombic
twinning =
cleavage = Perfect {010} imperfect {100}
fracture = Uneven to conchoidal
mohs = 6.5
luster = Vitreous, pearly on cleavage surfaces
refractive = 1.69-1.70
opticalprop = biaxial positive
birefringence = 0.006-0.018
pleochroism = Present, dichroism or trichroism depending on color.
streak = White or colorless
gravity = 3.10-3.38
Density =
fusibility =
diagnostic =
solubility =
diaphaneity =
other =
var1 = tanzanite | var1text = Gem-quality zoisite, blue-purple
var2 = thulite | var2text = Pink
var3 = anyolite | var3text = Often found intergrown with ruby
var4 = chrome zoisite | var4text = Green, uncommon

Zoisite is a calcium aluminium hydroxy sorosilicate belonging to the epidote group of minerals. Its chemical formula is Ca₂Al₃(SiO₄)(Si₂O₇)O(OH). Zoisite is named after the Slovene scientist Baron Sigmund Zois von Edelstein (Žiga Zois), who realized that this was an unknown mineral when it was brought to him by the mineral dealer Simon Prešern, who had discovered it in the Saualpe mountains (Svinška planina) of Carinthia in 1805. Zoisite was first known as saualpite, after its type locality. Transparent material is fashioned into gemstones while translucent-to-opaque material is usually carved into sculptural works. The latter is sometimes shot through with ruby crystals, which are completely opaque and unsuited to use as gems, yet are well colored and contrast strikingly against the green matrix of the zoisite.

Zoisite occurs as prismatic, orthorhombic (2/m 2/m 2/m) crystals or in massive form, being found in metamorphic and pegmatitic rock. Zoisite may be blue to violet, green, brown, pink, yellow, gray, or colorless. It has a vitreous luster and a conchoidal to uneven fracture. When euhedral, zoisite crystals are striated parallel to the principal axis (c-axis). Also parallel to the principal axis is one direction of perfect cleavage. Zoisite is somewhat higher than 6 in hardness and its specific gravity is between 3.10 - 3.38, depending on the variety. Zoisite streaks white and is said to be brittle. Clinozoisite is a more common monoclinic polymorph of zoisite.

Sources of zoisite include Tanzania (tanzanite), Kenya (anyolite), Norway (thulite), Switzerland, Austria, India, Pakistan, and Washington in the USA.

ee also

*Gemstone
*List of minerals
*List of minerals named after people

References

* Hurlbut, Cornelius S.; Klein, Cornelis, 1985, Manual of Mineralogy, 20th ed., ISBN 0-471-80580-7
* [http://rruff.geo.arizona.edu/doclib/hom/zoisite.pdf Mineral Handbook, 2001, Mineral Data Publishing]
* [http://webmineral.com/data/Zoisite.shtml Webmineral data]
* [http://www.mindat.org/min-4430.html Mindat.org]