Anyphaenid sac spider

Taxobox
name = Sac spiders


image_width = 250px
image_caption = "Hibana velox"
regnum = Animalia
phylum = Arthropoda
classis = Arachnida
ordo = Araneae
subordo = Araneomorphae
superfamilia = Dictynoidea
familia = Anyphaenidae
familia_authority = Bertkau, 1878
diversity_link = List of Anyphaenidae species
diversity = 56 genera, 506 species
range_

---

range_width = 250px
subdivision_ranks = Genera
subdivision = "Anyphaena"
"Aysha"
"Hibana"
"many more"

The anyphaenid sac spiders (family "Anyphaenidae") are distinguished from the sac spiders and other spiders by having the abdominal spiracle placed one third to one half of the way anterior to the spinnerets toward the epigastric furrow on the underside of the abdomen. In most spiders the spiracle is just anterior to the spinnerets. Like clubionids, anyphaenids have eight eyes arranged in two rows, conical anterior spinnerets and are wandering predators that built silken retreats, or sacs, usually on plant terminals, between leaves, under bark or under rocks. There are more than 500 species in over 50 genera worldwide.

The family is widespread and includes such common genera as "Anyphaena" (worldwide except tropical Africa and Asia) and "Hibana" (New World). Only one species ("A. accentuata") occurs in northwestern Europe.

Species in the latter genus are important predators in several agricultural systems, especially tree crops. They are able to detect and feed on insect eggs, despite their poor eyesight. They share this ability at least with some miturgid spiders.

The depicted spider, "Hibana velox", is a common spider of this family in the United States.

ystematics

The categorization into subfamilies follows Joel Hallan. [http://insects.tamu.edu/research/collection/hallan/Acari/Family/Anyphaenidae.txt]

* Amaurobioidinae Hickman, 1949:* Amaurobioidini Hickman, 1949::* "Acanthoceto" Mello-Leitão, 1944::* "Amaurobioides" O. P.-Cambridge, 1883::* "Axyracrus" Simon, 1884::* "Aysenia" Tullgren, 1902::* "Aysenoides" Ramírez, 2003::* "Coptoprepes" Simon, 1884::* "Ferrieria" Tullgren, 1901::* "Gamakia" Ramírez, 2003::* "Josa" Keyserling, 1891::* "Negayan" Ramírez, 2003::* "Selknamia" Ramírez, 2003:* Gayennini Ramirez, 2003::* "Arachosia" O. P.-Cambridge, 1882::* "Araiya" Ramírez, 2003::* "Gayenna" Nicolet, 1849::* "Gayennoides" Ramírez, 2003::* "Monapia" Simon, 1897::* "Oxysoma" Nicolet, 1849::* "Phidyle" Simon, 1880::* "Philisca" Simon, 1884::* "Sanogasta" Mello-Leitão, 1941::* "Tasata" Simon, 1903::* "Tomopisthes" Simon, 1884

* Anyphaeninae Bertkau, 1878:* "Alijassa" Brescovit, 1997:* "Anyphaena" Sundevall, 1833:* "Anyphaenoides" Berland, 1913:* "Australaena" Berland, 1942:* "Aysha" Keyserling, 1891:* "Bromelina" Brescovit, 1993:* "Buckupiella" Brescovit, 1997:* "Hatitia" Brescovit, 1997:* "Hibana" Brescovit, 1991:* "Iguarima" Brescovit, 1997:* "Ilocomba" Brescovit, 1997:* "Isigonia" Simon, 1897:* "Italaman" Brescovit, 1997:* "Jessica" Brescovit, 1997:* "Katissa" Brescovit, 1997:* "Lepajan" Brescovit, 1993:* "Lupettiana" Brescovit, 1997:* "Macrophyes" O. P.-Cambridge, 1893:* "Mesilla" Simon, 1903:* "Osoriella" Mello-Leitão, 1922:* "Otoniela" Brescovit, 1997:* "Patrera" Simon, 1903:* "Pippuhana" Brescovit, 1997:* "Sillus" F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1900:* "Tafana" Simon, 1903:* "Temnida" Simon, 1896:* "Teudis" O. P.-Cambridge, 1896:* "Thaloe" Brescovit, 1993:* "Timbuka" Brescovit, 1997:* "Umuara" Brescovit, 1997:* "Wulfila" O. P.-Cambridge, 1895:* "Wulfilopsis" Soares & Camargo, 1955:* "Xiruana" Brescovit, 1997

* Malenellinae Ramirez, 1995:* "Malenella" Ramírez, 1995

ee also

* List of Anyphaenidae species
* Spider families

External links

* [http://www.xs4all.nl/~ednieuw/Spiders/Anyphaenidae/anyphaenidae.htm Family Anyphaenidae Sac spiders, ghost spiders]
* (2008): [http://research.amnh.org/entomology/spiders/catalog/index.html The world spider catalog] , version 8.5. "American Museum of Natural History".