Kākāriki

Kākāriki
Red-fronted Parakeet Cyanoramphus novaezelandiae
Conservation status
Near Threatened (IUCN 3.1)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Order:	Psittaciformes
Family:	Psittacidae
Genus:	Cyanoramphus
Species
Cyanoramphus auriceps (Kuhl, 1820) Cyanoramphus malherbi Souancé, 1857 Cyanoramphus novaezelandiae (Sparrman, 1787)

The three species of Kākāriki or New Zealand parakeets are the most common species of parakeet in the genus Cyanoramphus, family Psittacidae. The birds' Māori name, which is the most commonly used, means "small parrot".^[1] The three species on mainland New Zealand are the Yellow-crowned Parakeet, Cyanoramphus auriceps, the Red-fronted Parakeet or Red-crowned Parakeet, C. novaezelandiae, and the critically endangered Malherbe's Parakeet (or Orange-fronted Parakeet^[2]), C. malherbi.

Habitat

All above subspecies are native to New Zealand, and have become endangered as a result of habitat destruction following human settlement and nest predation by introduced species of mammal. Scarce on the mainland, kākāriki have survived well on outlying islands, and also through breeding in captivity since they make good pets. A licence from the New Zealand Department of Conservation is now required to breed them in captivity.

In October 2004, according to the Porirua City News (17 November, page 8), two pairs of Red-crowned Parakeets were seen in the Porirua Scenic Reserve, probably having flown from Kapiti Island.

Mitochondrial DNA analysis has indicated that the Orange-fronted Parakeet is a separate species and not just a colour variation of the Yellow-crowned Parakeet. The Orange-fronted Parakeet is highly endangered, with less than 200 individuals remaining in the North Canterbury region of the South Island. Furthermore, Chatham Island's Yellow-crowned Parakeet and the red-crowned populations of New Caledonia, Norfolk Island and the subantarctic islands have been determined to be distinct species (Boon et al., 2001).

Aviculture

The red-crowned parakeets are common in aviculture and they are relatively easy to breed. They will lay 5 to 8 white eggs in a nesting box. A cinnamon colour variety and a pied variety and yellow are available.

References and notes

1. ^ Etymology: From kākā, "parrot" + riki, small. The word is also used to mean a strong green color - literally "parrot-green" - due to the birds' vivid plumage. The patches of red on the birds' rumps are, according to legend, the blood of the demigod Tāwhaki (White 1887).
2. ^ This name should be avoided, as it leads to confusion with Aratinga canicularis a popular aviary bird known as the Orange-fronted Conure, Orange-fronted Parakeet or Half-moon Conure.

• Boon, W.M.; Kearvell, J.; Daugherty, C. H.; Chambers, G. K. (2001): Molecular systematics and conservation of kakariki (Cyanoramphus spp.). Science for Conservation 176 PDF fulltext
• Scofield, R. Paul (2005): The supposed Macquarie Island parakeet in the collection of Canterbury Museum. Notornis 52(2): 117-120. PDF fulltext (subscription required)
• White, John (1887): The Ancient History of the Māori, Vol. 1: 55. Wellington, Government Printer.

External links

• NZBirds.com - Kakariki
• The Lexicon of Parrots - Red-fronted Parakeet
• Kakariki.net; A Popular and useful resource with forums on kakariki husbandary, breeding and conservation