- Euzko Gudarostea
:"See
Gudari for disambiguation." It was also the pseudonym of the Basque nationalistEli Gallastegi ."Euzko Gudarostea" (modern spelling: "Eusko Gudarostea", "Basque army") was the name of the army commanded by the government of the Basque Autonomous Community during the
Spanish civil war . It was formed by Basque nationalists, Socialists and Communists under the direction of "lendakari " José Antonio Aguirre and coordinating with the army of theSecond Spanish Republic . It fought the troops ofFrancisco Franco during 1936 and 1937.It surrendered to the ItalianCorpo Truppe Volontarie atSantoña (province of Cantabria), while the rest of the Republican army kept fighting until 1939. This event is referred as the Treason of Santoña by some Spanish leftists.Gudari
The Basque word for a soldier "gudari" (plural "gudariak") is a neologism (from "guda", "war", thus meaning "warrior" literally). The Standard Basque word is the Romance-derived "soldadu". [http://www1.euskadi.net/hizt_3000/ Hiztegia 3000] .] Like other Nationalist neologisms ("
ikurriña ", "lendakari " ), its meaning has been restricted to Basque concepts.The members of the Basque clandestine armed group
ETA consider themselves "gudariak" continuing the struggle of the Civil War Basque soldiers.This is contested by those war veterans that support PNV, PSOE or PCE.The "Gudari Eguna" ("warrior day") is thus celebrated separately:
*by ETA supporters on
27 September , remembering the date (1975) of the execution ofJon Paredes , a.k.a.Txiki in Barcelona, andAnjel Otaegi inVillalón , Burgos. [Gara : [http://gara.net/geltokia/2005-09-25/art131531.php 27-IX-75: El día en que Franco gastó sus últimas balas] .]
*by PNV supporters on9 November since 1937. [PNV press release: [http://www.noticias.info/Archivo/2003/200311/20031109/20031109_13343.shtm Arzalluz acudirá el domingo al Gudari Eguna en Bilbao (2003/11/09)] ]ee also
* Ertzaña, the wartime police under the Basque government.
*Eusko Gudariak , the anthem of the Basque soldiers.
*Lepoan hartu , a song byTelesforo de Monzón about taking the corpse of a fellow soldier and going on.References
Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.