Tasman Peninsula

Tasman Peninsula is located around 75 km by road south-east of Hobart, at the south east corner of Tasmania, Australia.

Location

Tasman Peninsula lies south and west of Forestier Peninsula, to which it is connected by an isthmus called Eaglehawk Neck. This in turn is joined to the rest of Tasmania by an isthmus called East Bay Neck, near the town of Dunalley (about 60 km by road from Hobart).

The Conservation Park, located on the main highway at Taranna, is a popular local visitor attraction along with the Port Arthur Historic Site and a number of beaches.

Early history

Although the area is named after Dutch explorer Abel Tasman, the aboriginal inhabitants of this area pre European arrival were the pyder-remer people. Their territory was what is now known as the Tasman and Forestier peninsulas. The pyder-remer people where a part of the larger Oyster Bay tribe whose territory covered a large area of the east coast of Tasmania.

The first European settlement of the Peninsula was Port Arthur in the early 1830s. It was selected as a penal settlement because it was geographically isolated from the rest of the colony but more easily reachable by sea than the other place of secondary banishment, Macquarie Harbour on the west coast, which could then be closed down. It also had excellent supplies of timber for shipbuilding and general construction work, and a deep sheltered harbour where visiting British warships could be repaired. It inaccessibility was enhanced by having Eaglehawk Neck lined with guards and guard dogs, to prevent the escape of any convicts. A small number did escape, including the notorious bushranger Martin Cash.

The Saltwater River, Tasmania historic site (entry free), located near the north tip west of the peninsula, was originally the site of a convict-operated coal mine.

The penal settlement of Port Arthur is now a tourist attraction, as in most of the state, tourism is a major industry. Bushwalking is also popular in the often rugged terrain, particularly picturesque spots being Cape Raoul and Cape Pillar at the extreme south west and south east ends of the Peninsula, separated by the entrance to Port Arthur.

Tasmanian Devil

While the region is best known for its convict history it is now the key area in the battle to save the Tasmanian Devil from extinction from a new type of contagious cancer called Devil facial tumour disease (DFTD).

The isolation from the Tasmanian mainland, where DFTD is running unchecked and has killed more than half of all devils, is ideal for maintaining a healthy wild Tasmanian Devil population in a project that involves the local Tasmanian Devil Conservation Park at Taranna and government and university scientists.

Coastline

The rugged coastline has been the scene of a number of shipwrecks. Two large seagoing steamers have sunk after hitting the Hyppolyte Rocks off its east coast - the "Tasman" in 1883 and the "Nord" in 1915. Munroe Bight to the north of Cape Pillar is named after the former American barque "James Munroe" wrecked there in 1850.

Local industry

In the era between convict settlement and the rise of the modern tourist industry the area was mostly engaged in the timber industry and fishing. The terrain and soil types impeded large-scale agriculture although orcharding and general farming was and is conducted in suitable locations. The region remained highly isolated until the introduction of regular river steamer services between it and Hobart in the 1880s - these were further encouraged by the tourist industry to Port Arthur that began when overseas steamships began to call into Hobart, also during the 1880s. During the period 1900-1930s the main operator servicing the area was the Huon, Channel & Peninsula Steamship Company, owners of several vessels including the extant M.V. "Cartela".

Many smaller towns are also located on the Tasman Peninsula, the largest of which are Nubeena and Koonya. Smaller centres include Premaydena, Highcroft and Stormlea.

The local government area is the Tasman Council and the major route to Hobart is the Arthur Highway. The current population is around 2000, which rises to around 6000 in summer months.

The Tasman Peninsula is well known for its rugged eastern coastline, and much of it is now the Tasman National Park. At Eaglehawk Neck are many strange rock formations, including Remarkable Caves, Tasman's Arch and the Tessellated Pavement. Further south are the highest sea cliffs in the southern hemisphere, rising 300 m above the Tasman Sea at Cape Hauy. The peninsula is claimed as one of Australias best surf spots at Cape Roaul and Roaring Beach.

References

*Broxam & Nash, "Tasmanian Shipwrecks", Volumes I and II, Navarine Publishing, Canberra, 1998 & 2000.
*Nicholson, Ian H., "Shipping Arrivals & Departures, Tasmania", Volumes I and II, Roebuck Society, Canberra, 1983, 1985.
*"Historical Records of Australia".
*George Cox, "Ships in Tasmanian Waters", Fullers Bookshop, Hobart, 1971.

Further reading

*Storey, Shirley and Peter.(1990) "Tasman tracks"- "25 walks on the Tasman and Forestier Peninsulas" Koonya Press.ISBN 0646018701