Phi Sigma Alpha

Infobox Fraternity
letters = ΦΣΑ
name = Phi Sigma Alpha
motto = "Omne Rarum Carum"
crest =
founded = October 22, 1928

charterdate=
chartercity=
type = Social
scope = International
PRI
USA
MEX
address = Calle Méjico, Esquina Chile
symbol =
city = San Juan
state = PR
country = Puerto Rico
colors = Azure
Gules

free_label = Nickname
free = La Sigma
homepage = [http://www.fisigmaalfa.org/ Sigma website]
birthplace = University of Puerto Rico
flower =
symbol =

Phi Sigma Alpha Fraternity (ΦΣΑ) (aka "Fi Sigma Alfa") commonly known as La Sigma, is a fraternity established originally as the Sigma Delta Alpha Fraternity (Sociedad de Amigos) on October 22 of 1928 at the University of Puerto Rico by 12 students and one professor.cite news |first= Firuzeh |last= Shokooh Valle |authorlink= |author= Firuzeh Shokooh Valle |title= Fraternidad con fin social y sin violencia |url= |format= |work= |publisher= PRIMERA HORA |location= |id= |pages= |page= |date= lunes, 14 de marzo de 2005 |accessdate=2008-01-03 |language=Spanish |archiveurl=http://archivo.primerahora.com/abstract.asp?guid=CD8E3B45620E43EBB9E2A6669C1FDF86&year=2005 |archivedate= 2005-03-14] Phi Sigma Alpha can trace its roots back to 1898 to the Union Hispano Americana,cite book | last=Ricketts | first=Palmer C. | coauthors= | year=1934 | title=A History of Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 1824-1934 | publisher=Wiley Publishing Company | location=New York, New York | id= | page= ] as well as to the first ever Greek letter Hispanic-oriented fraternity Sigma Iota established in 1912. [cite book | last=Brown | first=Tamara L. | coauthors=Gregory S. Parks, Clarenda M. Phillips | year=2005 | title=African American Fraternities And Sororities: The Legacy And The Vision | publisher=University Press of Kentucky | location=Lexington, Kentucky | id=ISBN 0-8131-2344-5 | page=59 ]

History

Origins 1898-1928

Phi Lambda Alpha fraternity was founded in New York on June 11, 1921 as a result of a merger of three societies; the Unión Hispano Americana at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York in 1898, the first Latin-American student society in the USA; Pi Delta Phi Fraternity at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in 1916; and Phi Lambda Alpha Fraternity founded in 1919 at the University of California, Berkeley. [cite book | last= | first= | coauthors= | year=1922 | month= | title=University of California Berkeley Blue & Gold Yearbook | publisher=University of California Berkeley | location=Berkeley, California | id= | pages= pp. 600 ] [cite web| url=http://www.ic.sunysb.edu/clubs/phiota/fraternal_history.html| title=Beta Chapter Phi Iota Alpha Fraternity: Fraternal history| publisher=Stony Brook University| accessdate=2008-01-03] A group of Latin American students organized the Union Hispano Americana (UHΑ) as a cultural and intellectual secret society based on the ideology of Pan-Americanism. [cite journal
last =
first =
authorlink =
coauthors =
title = Universities and world affairs
journal = Carnegie Endowment for International Peace
volume =
issue =
pages =
date = 1952
publisher =
url =
format =
id = ISSN: 0502-6393
accessdate = 2007-03-29 ]

After the organization of ΦΛA other societies joined; the “Club Latino-Americano” (1919) Colorado School of Mines; the “Federación Latino-Americana” (1926) Columbia University which joined in 1928; the “Club Hispania” (1929) of Cornell University which joined in 1931; the “Club Hispano-Americano” (1921) of Tri State College in Angola which joined in 1929 and the Alfa Tenoxtitlan Militant chapter (1929) made up of member of the old ΦΛA in Mexico.

Sigma Iota Fraternity came to be in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, on March 2, 1912 previously known as the Sociedad Hispano Americana, which came to be in the University of Louisiana in 1904. Between 1912 and 1925, Sigma Iota expanded rapidly in the United States, South America, and Europe. As a result of this, Sigma Iota became the first international Latin American based fraternity.cite book | last=Anson | first=Jack L. | coauthors=Robert F. Marchesani, Jr. | year=1991 | title=Baird's Manual of American College Fraternities | publisher=Banta Publishing Company | location=Menasha, Wisconsin | id=ISBN 0-9637159-0-9 | page=VIII-22 ]
Sigma Iota and Phi Lambda Alpha joined and became Phi Iota Alpha in 1931 [cite news | author=Staff writer | title=Phi Lambda Alpha and Sigma Iota To Unite | url=http://www-tech.mit.edu/archives/VOL_051/TECH_V051_S0328_P001.pdf | format=PDF | publisher=MIT |work=The Tech | page=1 | date=1932-01-08 | accessdate=2005-12-03] . In 1932 Phi Iota Alpha reorganized and established a superior governing body called the Union Latino Americana, dividing the countries in Latin America into zones. [cite web| url=http://www.albany.edu/~fiadelta/history.html |title=Phi Iota Alpha: History| publisher=University At Albany| accessdate=2008-01-03]

The Sigma 1928-1934

Sigma Delta Alpha fraternity, was established by 12 students and one professor on October 22 of 1928 at the University of Puerto Rico at 4:00pm at the Glorieta Fabián. The founding members included: Santos P. Amadeo (professor of Law), Juan Figueroa, Fernando Jiménez, Hugo D. Storer, Joaquin Velilla, Victor M. Sánchez, Adalberto Carrasquillo, Diego Guerrero Noble, Samuel L. Rodríguez, José Laracuente, Charles H. Juliá, Gilberto del Valle and Gilberto Alemar.

Originally the name Kappa Delta Alpha was considered but it was quickly changed to Sigma Delta Alpha. The new members were so enthusiastic and felt the need to establish a Chapter House that by December 5, 1928 they were celebrating their meeting in such house.

Sigma Delta Alpha enjoyed for many years certain supremacy over the other student organizations at the University. Annually they would have amongst their members the Yearbook editor, the senior class president, the Athletic Society President, and the ROTC Battalion Commander; the four most important post that could be held by students back then. Every activity sponsored by the administration was consulted with the chapter president of Rio Piedras. In 1929 the Beta Chapter at the "Colegio de Mayagüez" (University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez) was established; thus the original chapter became known as Alpha.

The union 1934 - 1939

Phi Sigma Alpha had its first reorganization with the merger between the Alpha Boriquen Militant Chapter of Phi Iota Alpha and Sigma Delta Alpha of the University of Puerto Rico in 1934. The Puerto Rican zone came to be when the Alpha Boriquen Militant Chapter was founded in San Juan Puerto Rico, on March 4, 1934 by former members of Phi Iota Alpha.

Under these conditions a movement Developed to unite Sigma Delta Alpha with the Alpha Boriquen Militant Chapter of Phi Iota Alpha. It was not an easy task, since many members of Sigma Delta Alpha did not want that change or alter their history. But the decision was made and thus came to be the Phi Sigma Alpha Zone of the Union Latino Americana. [cite book | last= Johnson | first=Clyde Sanfred | coauthors= | year=1972 | title=Fraternities in our colleges. | publisher=National Interfraternity Foundation | location=New York, New York | id= | pages=pp. 42-43 ] Since there was no central body to control the fraternity a “Zone Directive” was created and a constitution was drafted.By 1937, the ULA had several well-established and functional zones includingcite book | last=Baily | first= Harold J. | coauthors= | year=1949 | title=Baird's Manual of American College Fraternities | publisher=Banta Publishing Company | location=Menasha, Wisconsin | id=OCLC 1353909 | page=315 ] :

* ΦIA - Phi Iota Alpha in USA
* ΦKA - Phi Kappa Alpha in CUB
* ΦΣA - Phi Sigma Alpha in PRI
* ΦTA - Phi Tau Alpha in MEX On January 7 and 8 of 1938 the last ULA Convention was held. Delegates of the United States, Cuba and Puerto Rico zones were present. Sadly an agreement could not be reached over the ideals of the Fraternity. After the convention each zone considered the matter independently. The USA zone decided that the ideals of the ULA to be Pan-Americanism (The unification of Latin America by a system of confederacy) and demanded that the members of the Fraternity be pro-independence when it came to Puerto Rico, the Cuban zone took no decision so they followed the USA zone.

Puerto Rico refused this decision because it considered the introduction of political affairs to be unnecessary and also detrimental to the Fraternity. Thus on September 25, 1938, the Phi Sigma Alpha Zone withdrew from the Union Latino Americana. [cite web| url=http://www.phiota.org/fraternalhist_sp.php| title=Historia Fraternal | publisher=Fi Iota Alfa: Fraternidad Latino Americana| language=Spanish| accessdate=2008-01-04] The ULA dissolved shortly after.

The era of growth 1939 -1964

Since the Phi Sigma Alpha Zone was organized on the strong base, of sincere friendship, insurmountable comradeship and mainly, love to the Sigma, the effect of such separation was not felt. The old members of the Phi Iota Alpha and those of the Sigma Delta Alpha had already left their “old clothes” and were all and each one of them a Phi Sigma Alpha, better known as Sigma, proud of their Brotherhood. And the Zone continued working as if nothing had happened.

Like the members of the Sigma, a majority of the members of the Chapter of Phi Iota Alpha of the University of Louisiana disillusioned with character given to their brotherhood decided to separate, founding in April 1939 Sigma Iota Alpha [cite web | title=Sigma History| url=http://www.fisigmaalfa.org/joomla/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=5&Itemid=6 | accessdate=2008-05-01 |language=Spanish ] Fraternity composed of Latin students of this university. As it were to be expected this new grouping were received with distrust by the other Latin fraternal organizations at the university. Being that Phi Sigma Alpha organized in Puerto Rico with ideals similar to those of the Sigma Iota Alpha in Louisiana, and being both organizations the product of almost identical preceding brotherhoods, negotiations arose immediately to fuse both brotherhoods in a single one. This was decided in a convention on September 10, 1939 in the University Puerto Rico, organizing themselves as Fraternidad SIGMA or (Sigma Fraternity) with its ramifications; Phi Sigma Alpha Zone in Puerto Rico and Sigma Iota Alpha Zone in Louisiana (Later the USA Zone's name was changed to Phi Sigma Beta Zone and came to include other universities of the north). [cite web | title=Sigma History| url=http://www.fisigmaalfa.org/joomla/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=5&Itemid=6 | accessdate=2008-05-01 |language=Spanish ]

The Phi Sigma Alpha Zone was organized by a board of directors of the Zone, the Militant chapter Alpha Boriquén of San Juan, and two university chapters, one in U.P.R. Rio Piedras and another one in the C.A.A.M. of Mayagüez. Years later the militant chapters of Ponce and Mayagüez were reorganized.

The Sigma Iota Alpha Zone (Phi Sigma Beta) was composed by Alpha chapter in the University of Louisiana. Soon in 1941 the Beta chapter in the city of Baltimore, Maryland was organized; composed of students of the nearby universities (Georgetown, University of Maryland, University of Baltimore, Johns Hopkins, George Washington, etc.). [cite web | title=Sigma History| url=http://www.fisigmaalfa.org/joomla/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=5&Itemid=6 | accessdate=2008-05-01 |language=Spanish ]

The years demonstrated the increasing difficulty to maintain a Zone in the United States and to pretend that it worked as well as the one of Puerto Rico. A reformist movement arose abroad that culminated in the 1964 with the establishment of the Phi Sigma Alpha Fraternity (Fi Sigma Alfa in Spanish) composed of active and militant chapters that can be in Puerto Rico, in the United States or abroad. Therefore the Zones were eliminated. [cite web | title=Sigma History| url=http://www.fisigmaalfa.org/joomla/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=5&Itemid=6 | accessdate=2008-05-01 |language=Spanish ]

The era of progress and adaptations 1964 -

The baby boom of the post war years and the economic development of the island was at its peak, thus it reflected in its universities. The Puerto Rican young registered in great numbers, thus bringing a development in the Fraternity that in addition to being suppliers of union between young people and an escape to arduous studies also offered student housing. The SIGMA enjoyed during next the two decades extensive enrollment in the original chapters and the new ones that were beginning to develop. When approaching the Eighties the “boom” began to lower drastically resurging at the end of this decade and continuing until the beginnings of the nineties.

The Nineties brought with them an arduous persecution towards Fraternities, partly motivated by the death of two young cadets of the quasi-fraternal group the “Panthers” of the ROTC in the CAAM, [cite web| url=http://www.zonai.com/noticia_mainm.asp?ZONAI:71311&pos=m&title=NOTICIAS&catid=61| title=Una tradición bélica | publisher=ZONAi| author=Firuzeh Shokooh Valle | date=2005-03-07| accessdate=2008-01-04] and also a damages lawsuit perpetrated against another Island Fraternity. This brought forth a law to control initiation processes or "hazing" and to protect candidates which can be found in Article 125 of the New Puerto Rico Penal Code. [cite web| url=http://www.tribunalpr.org/CodigoPenal/acrobat/57a-Anejo-1-Camara.pdf| title=ANEJO 1, Informe de la Cámara| author=House of Representatives of Puerto Rico| publisher= Rama Judicial del Estado Libre Asociado de Puerto Rico| date=2004-04-27| accessdate=2008-01-03] The Sigma Brotherhood that since 1959 has prohibited in its processes the use of the “Pledge Padle” is proud to have been first again in prohibiting acts against the physical and mental dignity of the neophyte, even before Article 125 was enacted.

The Sigma has continued its emphasis throughout the years on the areas of community and social work by its active and militant chapters which always take part in blood drives and fund raising activities for different organizations The Sigma Scholarship Program or ("Beca Sigma" in Spanish) program has been re-established and promises to offer young Puerto Ricans of scarce resources the opportunity to have University studies.

Administrative body

The fraternity's highest administrative body is the "Junta de Directores" or Board of Directors. This body is composed of two groups, the first being the "Comité Ejecutivo Central" or Central Executive Committee which includes the fraternity president, vice president and others. The second group is composed by the regional presidents, and by the presidents and secretaries of all the fraternity chapters. All members have equal vote. The Board of Directors meets several times a year when it is convened by the fraternity president.

Sigma scholarship and philanthropies

The foundation pro Phi Sigma Alpha scholarships is a non for profit organization, established to offer to the Puerto Rican youth of limited resources or academically excellent records, the opportunity to cover part of their university studies expense and others costs. Through different fraternity activities, planned in order to raise funds, the organization looks to always maintain a healthful economical level, thus to be able to fulfill their philanthropic intentions. [cite web | title=Fi Sigma Alfa | url=http://www.fisigmaalfa.org/ | accessdate=2007-08-14 |language=Spanish ] The fraternity collaborates and contributes to different organizations, mainly to the "Fondita de Jesus", the American Red Cross, American Cancer Society and "Centro Espibi" in Mayagüez. cite news |first= Firuzeh |last= Shokooh Valle |authorlink= |author= Firuzeh Shokooh Valle |title= Fraternidad con fin social y sin violencia |url= |format= |work= |publisher= PRIMERA HORA |location= |id= |pages= |page= |date= lunes, 14 de marzo de 2005 |accessdate=2008-01-03 |language=Spanish |archiveurl=http://archivo.primerahora.com/abstract.asp?guid=CD8E3B45620E43EBB9E2A6669C1FDF86&year=2005 |archivedate= 2005-03-14]

Chapters

The fraternity has both University and Alumni Chapters. The University chapters are named by a Greek letter (depending on order of founding) followed by the word "Activo" which means Active in Spanish. The Alumni chapters follow the same concept except instead of the word "Activo" they are called "Boriquén". Brothers in Active chapters are called "Activos" and alumni Brothers are called "Militantes" or militants in Spanish. Yet all Brothers call each others Sigmas.

ee also

*Phi Iota Alpha
*Phi Lambda Alpha
*Sigma Iota
*Union Latino Americana
*Concilio Interfraternitario Puertorriqueño de la Florida

Footnotes

External links

* [http://www.fisigmaalfa.org National Home Page]