History of the Jews in Europe

History of the Jews in Europe

History

The earliest recorded evidence (outside of the Mediterranean world) shows that Jews were settled in Europe in towns north of the Loire or in southern Gaul during the fifth and sixth centuries. [ [http://www.myjewishlearning.com/history_community/Medieval/TheStory6321666/Christendom/EuropeanOrigins.htm My Jewish Learning - European Origins] ]

Golden age of Jewish culture in Spain

The Golden age of Jewish culture in Spain refers to a period of history during the Muslim rule of Iberia in which Jews were generally accepted in society and Jewish religious, cultural and economic life blossomed. This "Golden Age" is variously dated from the 8th to 12th centuries.

Al-Andalus was a key center of Jewish life during the Middle Ages, producing important scholars and one of the most stable and wealthy Jewish communities. A number of famous Jewish philosophers and scholars flourished during this time, most notably Maimonides.

panish Inquisition

"See main article: Spanish Inquisition"

The Spanish Inquisition was established in 1478 by Catholic Monarchs Ferdinand and Isabella to maintain Catholic orthodoxy in their kingdoms and was under the direct control of the Spanish monarchy. It was not definitively abolished until 1834, during the reign of Isabel II.

The Inquisition, as an ecclesiastical tribunal, had jurisdiction only over baptized Christians. However, since Jews (in 1492) and Muslim Moors (in 1502) had been banished from Spain, jurisdiction of the Inquisition during a large part of its history extended in practice to all royal subjects. The Inquisition worked in large part to ensure the orthodoxy of recent converts known as conversos or marranos.

World War II and the Holocaust

"See main article: Holocaust"

The Holocaust (from the Greek "ὁλόκαυστον (holókauston)": "holos", "completely" and "kaustos", "burnt"), also known as "Ha-Shoah" ( _he. השואה), "Churben" ( _yi. חורבן), is the term generally used to describe the killing of approximately six million European Jews during World War II, as part of a program of deliberate extermination planned and executed by the National Socialist regime in Germany led by Adolf Hitler.

By country

Europe topic|History of the Jews in

Top Jewish populations in Europe

Jewish ethnic subdivisions of Europe

*Ashkenazim (German Jews)
*Sephardim (Iberian/Hispanic Jews of Portugal and Spain)
*Romaniotes (Greek Jews)
*Italian Jews (also known as "Bana Roma")
*Georgian Jews and Armenian Jews
*Karaites (A small sect of observant Jews in the Crimean Peninsula of the Ukraine).

ee also

*Jew
*Jewish history
*Judaism by country
*Rescue
*Bulgarian Jewry
*History of the Jews in Carpathian Ruthenia
*Galician Jews
*History of the Jews in Galicia (Central Europe)
*Italian Jews
*Lithuanian Jews
*Bessarabian Jews
*Sephardic Jews in the Netherlands
*Golden age of Jewish culture in Spain
*Spanish Inquisition:*Religion in Europe:*List of religious populations:*Islam by country:*Buddhism by country:*Hinduism by country:*Protestantism by country:*Roman Catholicism by country:*No Faith by Country

Notes


Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.

Игры ⚽ Нужно решить контрольную?

Look at other dictionaries:

  • History of the Jews in Poland — The history of the Jews in Poland dates back over a millennium. [ [http://polishjews.org/ polishjews.org] ] Poland was home to the largest Jewish population in Europe and served as the center for Jewish culture, ranging from a long period of… …   Wikipedia

  • History of the Jews in Malta — For the play by Christopher Marlowe, see The Jew of Malta. Part of a series of articles on Jews and Judaism …   Wikipedia

  • History of the Jews in the United States — The history of the Jews in the United States has been influenced by waves of immigration primarily from Europe, inspired by the social and economic opportunities of the United States of America and fueled by periods of anti Semitism and… …   Wikipedia

  • History of the Jews in Germany — Jews have lived in Germany, or Ashkenaz , at least since the early 4th century, through both periods of tolerance and spasms of antisemitic violence, culminating in the Holocaust and the near destruction of the Jewish community in Germany and… …   Wikipedia

  • History of the Jews in France — The Jewish community in France presently numbers around 600,000, according to the World Jewish Congress and 500,000 according to the Appel Unifié Juif de France, and is found mainly in the metropolitan areas of Paris, Marseille, Strasbourg, Lyon …   Wikipedia

  • History of the Jews —     History of the Jews     † Catholic Encyclopedia ► History of the Jews     (Yehúd m; Ioudaismos).     Of the two terms, Jews and Judaism, the former denotes usually the Israelites or descendants of Jacob (Israel) in contrast to Gentile races;… …   Catholic encyclopedia

  • History of the Jews in Italy — The Great Synagogue of Rome Part of a series of articles on …   Wikipedia

  • History of the Jews in Russia — The vast territories of the Russian Empire at one time hosted the largest Jewish population in the world. Within these territories the Jewish community flourished and developed many of modern Judaism s most distinctive theological and cultural… …   Wikipedia

  • History of the Jews in Hungary — concerns the Jews of Hungary and of Hungarian origins. Jews have been a present community in Hungary since at least the 11th Century (with earlier references to Jews in Hungary existing), struggling against discrimination throughout the Middle… …   Wikipedia

  • History of the Jews in Romania — The history of Jews in Romania concerns the Jews of Romania and of Romanian origins, from their first mention on what is nowadays Romanian territory. Minimal until the 18th century, the size of the Jewish population increased after around 1850,… …   Wikipedia

Share the article and excerpts

Direct link
… Do a right-click on the link above
and select “Copy Link”