Vermilion Cliffs National Monument

Infobox_protected_area | name = Vermilion Cliffs National Monument
iucn_category = III

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caption =
locator_x = 59
locator_y = 94
location = Coconino County, Arizona, USA
nearest_city = St. George, UT
lat_degrees = 36
lat_minutes = 48
lat_seconds = 23
lat_direction = N
long_degrees = 111
long_minutes = 44
long_seconds = 28
long_direction = W
area = 294,000 acres (1,189 km²)
established = November 9, 2000
visitation_num =
visitation_year =
governing_body = U.S. Bureau of Land Management Vermilion Cliffs National Monument is located in the U.S. state of Arizona. The 294,000 acre (1,189 km²) monument protects Paria Plateau, Vermilion Cliffs, Coyote Buttes and Paria Canyon. Elevations range from 3,100 to 6,500 feet (944 to 1,981 m).

Creation and designation

Established on November 9, 2000, Vermilion Cliffs National Monument was carved from existing lands already under the management of the U.S. Government in extreme northern Coconino County, on the border with the state of Utah. The monument is administered by the U.S. Bureau of Land Management, and agency within the U.S. Department of the Interior. The Vermilion Cliffs themselves run along the southern and eastern edges of the monument. Much of the monument land consists of the Paria Plateau, a flat area extending northward from the tops of the cliffs.

Vermillion Cliffs

The Vermilion Cliffs are steep eroded escarpments consisting primarily of sandstone, siltstone, limestone and shale which rise as much as 3,000 feet (914 m) above their base. These sedimentary rocks have been deeply eroded for millions of years, exposing hundreds of layers of richly colored rock strata. Mesas, buttes and large tablelands are interspersed with steep canyons where small streams provide enough moisture to support a varied wildlife sampling.

Flora and fauna

More than twenty species of raptors including Bald and Golden eagles, Peregrine falcon and numerous species of hawks have been recorded. The endangered California condor has been reintroduced into the region recently due to the remote location. Desert bighorn sheep, Pronghorn and Mountain lions are some of the larger mammals found with over 30 more species endemic to the region. Several examples of rare fish species such as the flannelmouth sucker and the speckled dace exist in the streams within the monument. The Welsh's milkweed, a threatened plant species, which grows on sand dunes and helps stabilize them, is known to only exist in the monument and in one other area in the state of Utah.

Human settlements

Human settlement in the region dates back 12,000 years and hundreds of Native American pueblos are spread across the monument lands. The remains of villages with houses, granaries, burials and associated ruins can be found here. The monument also contains some of the largest number rock art sites in any protected area, and many of these petroglyphs are among some of the oldest in the U.S.

The first white explorers into the region were Spanish missionaries and explorers from the 1776 Dominguez-Escalante Expedition. Mormon explorers searched the region in the 1860s, and some settled on land that is now within the monument, building one of the first ferry crossings on the Colorado River in 1871. That same year, John Wesley Powell ventured through the region during his scientific explorations of the Colorado River's plateau.

Today, the region surrounding the monument is relatively unspoiled with virtually no permanent human inhabitants remaining and limited road access.

External links

*cite web | last = | first = | authorlink = | coauthors = | year = | url = http://www.blm.gov/az/vermilion/vermilproc.htm | title = Vermilion Cliffs National Monument Proclamation | format = | work = | publisher = U.S. Bureau of Land Management
*cite web | last = | first = | authorlink = | coauthors = | year = | url = http://www.blm.gov/az/vermilion/vermilfctsht.htm | title = Vermilion Cliffs National Monument fact sheet | format = | work = | publisher = U.S. Bureau of Land Management
*cite web | last = | first = | authorlink = | coauthors = | year = | url = http://www.topoquest.com/map.asp?z=12&n=4073372&e=434765&s=100&size=l&datum=nad83&layer=DRG25 | title = USGS Navajo Bridge (AZ) Topo Map | format = | work = | publisher = TopoQuest