Striated Caracara

Taxobox
name = Striated Caracara
status = NT | status_system = IUCN3.1

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image_width = 250px
regnum = Animalia
phylum = Chordata
classis = Aves
ordo = Falconiformes
familia = Falconidae
genus = "Phalcoboenus"
species = "P. australis"
binomial = "Phalcoboenus australis"
binomial_authority = (Gmelin, 1788)

The Striated Caracara, ("Phalcoboenus australis") is a bird of prey of the Falconidae family. In the Falkland Islands it is known as Johnny Rook.

The adults plumage is almost black in colour, while the legs and lores are orange and the neck is flecked with grey. The first year juveniles have an orange or light red down, which they lose after their first moult. Full adult plumage is acquired only in the fifth year.

It breeds in several islands in the Tierra del fuego, but is more abundant in the Falklands where the population is estimated at 500 breeding pairs.

The Striated Caracara is primarily a scavenger, feeding on carrion, offal and small invertebrates that it digs up with its claws. However it will also prey on weak or injured creatures, such as young seabirds. Its habit of attacking newborn lambs and weakened sheep has led it to be ruthlessly persecuted by sheep farmers.

Often it is known to steal red objects such as clothing or handkerchiefs, possibly because red is the colour of meat. As it does not tend to steal other non red objects this proves that the Striated Caracara can see in colour, or at least is able to distinguish red from other colours. It is possible it has only dull colour vision, like that of a dog. Often it will also raid dustbins and move rocks to get food from underneath, thus proving themselves to be one of the most intelligent of the birds of prey.

Though it was once considered common in the Falklands archipelago, it now only nests in the outlying islands where it breeds around penguin and albatross colonies.

The nest is built on the ground or on a cliff ledge, where the female will lay up to 4 eggs.Their hatching is timed to coincide with the nesting season of seabirds, providing a constant food supply for the chicks. Once these have fledged, they gather into flocks and roam through the islands, often close to human settlements.

Juveniles and indeed, adults, are almost entirely fearless of humans and treat their approach with indifference. Over time, conflict with the sheep farmers has led to a great reduction in their numbers. This is now being corrected by the Falkland Islanders.

Gallery

References

* Database entry includes a brief justification of why this species is near threatened

External links

* [http://www.falklands-nature.demon.co.uk/wildlife/species_reports/caracara.html]
* [http://ibc.hbw.com/ibc/phtml/especie.phtml?idEspecie=811 Striated Caracara videos] on the Internet Bird Collection
* [http://www.bird-stamps.org/cspecies/3200600.htm Stamps] (Issues for Falkland Islands) with S. America RangeMap
* [http://vireo.acnatsci.org/search.html?Form=Search&SEARCHBY=Common&KEYWORDS=striated+caracara&showwhat=images&AGE=All&SEX=All&ACT=All&Search=Search&VIEW=All&ORIENTATION=All&RESULTS=24 Striated Caracara photo gallery] VIREO [http://vireo.acnatsci.org/species_image.php?species=Phalcoboenus+australis Photo-High Res]