1565

Year 1565 was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

Events of 1565

January - June

* January 26 - The Battle of Talikota, a watershed battle fought between the Vijayanagara Empire and the Deccan sultanates.

* February 13 - Spanish Conquistador Miguel López de Legazpi lands with his troops on the shores of Cebu Island in the Philippine archipelago.
* March 1 - The city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, is founded.
* April 27 - Cebu City (originally named San Miguel) is established by López de Legazpi, becoming the first Spanish settlement in the Philippines.
* May 18 - Ottoman troops land on the island of Malta, beginning The Great Siege of Malta.
* June 17 - Matsunaga Hisahide assassinates the 13th Ashikaga shogun, Ashikaga Yoshiteru.

July - December

* July 29 - Queen Mary I of Scotland, widowed, marries Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley.
* August 28 - St. Augustine, Florida (named after St. Augustine), is established. It is the oldest remaining European settlement in the United States.
* September 4 - The Spanish fleet of Pedro Menéndez de Avilés lands on modern-day Florida to oust the French under Jean Ribault. He later destroys the French colony of Fort Caroline.
* September 8 - Pedro Menéndez de Avilés settles in St. Augustine, Florida.
* September 11 - The Knights of Malta lift the Turkish Siege of Malta (started on May 18).

Undated

* In Russia, it is the beginning of the Opritchtina.
* The pencil is first documented by Conrad Gesner.
* John Beddoes School is founded.

Births

* April 2 - Cornelis de Houtman, Dutch explorer (d. 1599)
* May 15 - Hendrick de Keyser, Dutch architect and sculptor (d. 1621)
* August 16 - Christina, Grand Duchess of Tuscany (d. 1637)
* September 28 - Alessandro Tassoni, Italian poet and writer (d. 1635)
*October 6 - Marie de Gournay, French writer (d. 1645)
* November 10 - Laurentius Paulinus Gothus, Swedish theologian and astronomer (d. 1646)
*"date unknown"
**Reza Abbasi, Persian painter and calligrapher (d. 1635)
**Edward Blount, English printer
**Ferdinando Gorges, English colonial entrepreneur (d. 1647)
**John Davies of Hereford, Welsh poet (d. 1618)
**Francis Meres, English churchman and author (d. 1647)
**Pedro Fernández de Quirós, Portuguese seaman and explorer (d. 1614)
**John Spottiswoode, Archbishop of St. Andrews (d. 1639)
**Francis Tanfield, Governor of the South Falkland colony
**Edmund Whitelocke, English soldier and courtier (d. 1608)
**Robert Wintour, English conspirator (d. 1606)
*"probable"
**Gregor Aichinger, German composer (d. 1628)
**George Kirbye, English composer (d. 1634)
**Duarte Lobo, Portuguese composer (d. 1646)

Deaths

* January 19 - Diego Laynez, Jesuit theologian (b. 1512)
* March 17 - Alexander Ales, Scottish theologian (b. 1500)
*May 14 - Nicolaus von Amsdorf, German Protestant reformer (b. 1483)
* May 28 - Mikołaj "the Black" Radziwiłł, Polish magnate (b. 1515)
* June 12 - Adrianus Turnebus, French classical scholar (b. 1512)
* June 17 - Ashikaga Yoshiteru, Japanese shogun (b. 1536)
*August - Jacques Buus, Flemish composer and organist (b. 1500)
*September 13 - William Farel, French evangelist (b. 1489)
* September 20 - Cypriano de Rore, Flemish composer and teacher (b. 1515)
*October 4 - Pier Paolo Vergerio, Italian reformer (b. 1498)
* October 5 - Lodovico Ferrari, Italian mathematician (b. 1522)
* October 12 - Jean Ribault, French explorer and colonizer (b. 1520)
* October 14 - Thomas Chaloner, English statesman and poet (b. 1521)
* October 22 - Jean, Vicomte d'Aguisy Grolier de Servieres, French bibliophile (b. 1479)
* December 9 - Pope Pius IV (b. 1499)
* December 13 - Conrad Gessner, Swiss naturalist (b. 1516)
*"date unknown"
**Kat Ashley, governess of Elizabeth I of England
**Yadegar Mokhammad of Kazan, last khan of Kazan Khanae te
**Lope de Rueda, Spanish writer (b. c. 1510)
**Paweł Tarło, canon of Krakow