1800–1809

1800–1809

Events and trends

Technology

* Invention of the Jacquard loom in 1801.
* Ultraviolet radiation is discovered by Johann Wilhelm Ritter in 1801.
* Flag semaphore is gradually adopted by various navies of the world.
* Morphine is isolated from opium for the first time in 1804.
* Nicolas François Appert develops a method to preserve food by means of canning.
* John Dalton publishes his atomic theory 1803.

Astronomy

* The first known asteroids are discovered in this decade:
** Ceres (1801-01-02). Ceres is reclassified as a dwarf planet in 2006.
** Pallas (1802-03-28)
** Juno (1804-09-01)
** Vesta (1807-03-29)

War, peace and politics

* End of the Quasi-War (1800).
* The First Barbary War (1801–1805) is fought between the United States and the Barbary States of North Africa.
* The Kingdom of Great Britain and the Kingdom of Ireland merge into the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland in 1801.
* In 1803, the US acquired the Louisiana Territories from France.
* The Second Anglo-Maratha War (1803-1805) is fought between the Maratha Peshwa on one side and minor chieftains of the Maratha Confederacy Sindhia,Bhonsle and Holkar on the other resulting in a crushing defeat of the rebel chieftains and the breakup of the Maratha confederacy.
* Haiti gains independence from France on 1804-01-01, becoming the first black republic.
* The Fulani War (1804–1810) is fought in present day Nigeria and Cameroon.
* The First Serbian Uprising (1804−1813) marks the first time in 300 years Serbia perceives itself an independent state.
* End of the French Revolutionary Wars (1792-1802).
* Beginning of the Napoleonic Wars (1803–1815).
* Beginning of the Russo-Turkish War (1806–1812) between Russia and the Ottoman Empire.

World leaders

* First Consul/Emperor Napoleon I (First French Republic/First French Empire)
* Emperor Francis II (Holy Roman Empire)
* Frederick William III of Prussia (Prussia)
* Pope Pius VII
* Tsar Paul I (Russia)
* Tsar Alexander I (Russia)
* King Charles IV (Spain)
* King Gustavus IV Adolphus (Sweden)
* King Charles XIII (Sweden)
* King George III, (United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland)
* President John Adams (United States)
* President Thomas Jefferson (United States)
* Fath Ali Shah of Qajar dynasty (Persia)
* Jiaqing Emperor of China (Qing Dynasty)
* Mughal Empire
* Shah Alam II 1759-1806
* Akbar II 1806-1837
* Baji Rao II(Peshwa of the Marathas)
* Maharaja Ranjit Singh (Sikh Empire, Punjab) 1801-1839


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