Spectacled Cormorant

Taxobox
name = Spectacled Cormorant
status = EX
extinct = c.1850
status_system = iucn3.1


image_width = 200px
regnum = Animalia
phylum = Chordata
classis = Aves
ordo = Pelecaniformes
familia = Phalacrocoracidae
genus = "Phalacrocorax"
species = "P. perspicillatus"
binomial = "Phalacrocorax perspicillatus"
binomial_authority = Pallas, 1811
synonyms =
* "Graculus perspicillatus"
Taxobox_authority | author = Elliot | date = 1869
* "Pallasicarbo perspicillatus"
Taxobox_authority | author = Coues | date = 1869
* "Carbo perspicillatus"
Taxobox_authority | author = Rothschild | date = 1907
* "Compsohalieus perspicillatus"

The Spectacled Cormorant or Pallas's Cormorant ("Phalacrocorax perspicillatus" ["Phalacrocorax", Ancient Greek word for cormorants (literally "bald raven"). "perspicillatus", Latin for "conspicuous", in allusion of the birds' large size.] )is an extinct marine bird of the cormorant family of seabirds that inhabited Bering Island and possibly other places in the Komandorski Islands. A presumed prehistoric record from Amchitka Island, Alaska (Siegel-Causey "et al.", 1991), is based on misidentification of Double-crested Cormorant remains (Olson, 2005).

The species was first identified by Georg Steller in 1741 on Vitus Bering's disastrous second Kamchatka expedition. He described the bird as large, clumsy and almost flightless - though it was probably rather reluctant to fly than physically unable -, and wrote "they weighed 12 – 14 pounds, so that one single bird was sufficient for three starving men." Though cormorants are normally notoriously bad-tasting, Steller says that this bird tasted delicious, particularly when it was cooked in the way of the native Kamtchadals, who encased the whole bird in clay and buried it and baked it in a heated pit.cite book| last = Ellis| first = Richard| authorlink = Richard Ellis (biologist) | title = No Turning Back: The Life and Death of Animal Species| publisher = Harper Perennial | date = 2004| location = New York| pages = 135| isbn =0-06-055804-0 ]

Apart from the fact that it fed on fish, almost nothing else is known about this bird. The population declined quickly after further visitors to the area started collecting the birds for food and feathers, and their reports of profitable whaling grounds and large populations of Arctic Foxes and other animals with valuable pelts led to a massive influx of whalers and fur traders into the region; the last birds were reported to have lived around 1850 on Ariy Rock ( _ru. Арий Камень ["Ariy Kamen"'. Often misspelt "Aji Kamen" or even "Aii Kimur".] )islet, off the northwestern tip of Bering Island.

See also

* Extinct birds
* List of extinct animals of Asia
* Steller's Sea Cow

References

* Database entry includes justification for why this species is listed as extinct

* Olson, Storrs L. (2005): Correction of erroneous records of cormorants from archeological sites in Alaska. "Condor" 107(4): 930-933. DOI|10.1650/7818.1 (HTML abstract)

* Siegel-Causey, D.; Lefevre, C. & Savinetskii, A. B. (1991): Historical diversity of cormorants and shags from Amchitka Island, Alaska. "Condor' 93(4): 840–852. [http://elibrary.unm.edu/sora/Condor/files/issues/v093n04/p0840-p0852.pdf PDF fulltext]

Footnotes

External links

* [http://nlbif.eti.uva.nl/naturalis/detail?lang=uk&id=61 3D view] of specimen RMNH 107.865 at Naturalis, Leiden (requires QuickTime browser plugin).