Typhoon Nancy (1961)

Infobox Hurricane
Name=Super Typhoon Nancy
Type=super typhoon
Year=1961
Basin=WPac
Image location=Super_Typhoon_Nancy_61.jpg


Formed=September 7, 1961
Dissipated=September 17, 1961
Hurricane season=1961 Pacific typhoon season
1-min winds=185 |Pressure=888
Da

Inflated=0
Fatalities=172-191 direct
Areas=Guam, Ryūkyū Islands, Japan|

Super Typhoon Nancy (international designation: "6118") was a powerful tropical cyclone of the 1961 Pacific typhoon season. The system with possibly the strongest winds ever measured in a tropical cyclone, Nancy caused extensive damage and at least 173 deaths and thousands of injuries in Japan and elsewhere in September 1961. The destruction was so heavy that the Japan Meteorological Agency gave the typhoon its own special name, one of only eight systems to have been named.

Meteorological history

A tropical depression formed from a low near Kwajalein Atoll on September 7. It strengthened rapidly; by the time position fixes could be taken, Nancy was nearly a super typhoon. Moving gradually westward, Nancy explosively deepened and reached wind speeds equivalent to a Category 5 (Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale) on September 9. [http://www.weather.unisys.com/hurricane/w_pacific/1961/18/track.dat Unisys Tracking Data] accessed March 7, 2006] It would maintain that intensity for the next several days.

Shortly after reaching peak intensity, Nancy approached the Ryūkyū Islands and began turning. It passed near Okinawa and over Haze. The ridge steering Nancy broke down, and the typhoon turned sharply and headed towards Japan. Nancy made landfall as a strong typhoon on September 16 as it passed directly over Muroto Zaki. Nancy made a second landfall on Honshū near Osaka. The typhoon rapidly traveled up the length of the island as it continued accelerating, eventually reaching a forward speed of 65 mph (100 km/h, 55 knots). [https://metocph.nmci.navy.mil/jtwc/atcr/1961atcr/pdf/wnp/52.pdf JTWC Nancy Report] accessed March 7, 2006] The typhoon quickly crossed over Hokkaidō before entering the Sea of Okhotsk as a tropical storm. Nancy went extratropical on September 17. The extratropical system eventually crossed over Kamchatka and entered the open ocean. [http://agora.ex.nii.ac.jp/cgi-bin/dt/search_name2.pl?name=NANCY%&lang=en Digital Typhoon: Typhoon list View] accessed March 7, 2006]

Impact

Although no monetary value of all damage is known, damage was "phenomenal" in all areas where Nancy hit. There were at least 173 deaths and 19 people unaccounted for.

Guam

On Guam, over half of all crops were destroyed by heavy winds and rain. A total of $40,000 (1961 USD) worth of damage was done to roads on the island. Most of the damage was on the southern end of the island. No deaths were reported on Guam.

Minor Japanese islands

On Okinawa, low-lying areas experienced heavy flooding, which did significant damage to agriculture and structures. No one was killed on Okinawa.

On Amami-o-Shima, one person was missing and another was badly injured. A ship was sunk. Extensive flooding of crops and houses left 152 people homeless.

Japan

In Japan, 172 persons were killed, 18 were missing, and 3,184 people were injured. These totals made Nancy the sixth-deadliest typhoon to hit Japan at the time. Timely warnings and adequate preparations were probably responsible for the relatively low death toll. The damage was "small" relative to other typhoons that impacted densely-populated areas of Japan.

Hundreds of thousands of people had their lives disrupted. Super typhoon Nancy destroyed 11,539 houses, damaged 32,604 homes, and flooded 280,078 others. Over 300 ships were sunk or blown ashore and many more were damaged.

Floodwaters washed away 566 bridges and caused 1146 landslides. Roads were destroyed at a total of 2,053 locations.

Due to Nancy's damage and death toll, the Japan Meteorological Agency named Nancy the "Second Muroto Typhoon". Nancy is one of only eight typhoons to receive special names in Japan.

Lack of retirement

Nancy's name was not retired after this typhoon. As a consequence, the name was used again in 1966 and several times thereafter until 1989.

Records

A reconnaissance aircraft flying into the typhoon near its peak intensity on September 12 determined Nancy's one-minute sustained winds to be 185 knots (215 mph; 345 km/h). If these values are reliable, they would be the highest wind speeds ever measured in a tropical cyclone. [http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/tcfaq/E1.html NOAA Tropical Cyclone FAQ Subject E1] accessed March 7, 2006] However, it was later determined that measurements and estimations of wind speeds from the 1940s to 1960s were excessive. Thus, Nancy's winds may actually be lower than its official best-track value. If Nancy did indeed have 215 mph winds, it would have had the fastest sustained windspeeds of any tropical cyclone by 25 mph. Typhoon Tip, Typhoon Keith, Hurricane Allen, Hurricane Camille, Typhoon Vera, and Typhoon Sarah all had winds of 190 mph, the highest verified tropical cyclone windspeed.

Although the Saffir-Simpson hurricane scale did not exist at the time, Nancy would have been a Category 5 equivalent for a total of five and a half days (or 132 hours). This is a record for the Northern Hemisphere and more than a day longer than the next-highest system, 1962's Karen. [http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/tcfaq/E8.html NOAA Tropical Cyclone FAQ Subject E8] accessed March 7, 2006]

ee also

*List of tropical cyclones

References

External links

* [https://metocph.nmci.navy.mil/jtwc/atcr/1961atcr/pdf/wnp/52.pdf JTWC Report]
* [http://www.weather.unisys.com/hurricane/w_pacific/1961/18/track.gifStorm Path]