William Francis Buckley

:"For other persons with a similar name, see: William F. Buckley (disambiguation)."Infobox Military Person
name=William F. Buckley


caption=
born=May 30, 1928
died=June 3, 1985
placeofbirth= Medford, Massachusetts
placeofdeath= Lebanon
placeofburial= Arlington National Cemetery
placeofburial_label=
nickname=
allegiance= United States
branch= Army, CIA
serviceyears= 1947-85
rank= Colonel
unit=
commands=
battles=
awards= Silver Star
Soldier's Medal
Bronze Star Medal with "V"
Purple Heart (2)
Meritorious Service Medal
Combat Infantry Badge
Parachutist Badge
Vietnam Gallantry Cross
Intelligence Star
Exceptional Service Award
Distinguished Intelligence Cross
relations=
laterwork=

William Francis Buckley (May 30, 1928 - June 3, 1985) was a United States Army officer and intelligence agency operative. He died on or about June 3, 1985 after being held captive by members of Hezbollah. He is buried at Arlington National Cemetery, and he is commemorated with a star on the Wall of Honor at the CIA headquarters in Langley, Virginia.

Early life and career

William Francis Buckley was born in Medford, Massachusetts. After graduating from high school in 1947, he joined the United States Army. He began as an MP and served in that capacity for two years, but then attended Officers Candidate School and was commissioned a Second Lieutenant in Armor. He continued his military education at the Engineer Officer's Course at Fort Belvoir, Virginia, the Advanced Armor Officer's Course at Fort Knox, Kentucky, and the Intelligence School at Oberammergau, Germany. [http://www.arlingtoncemetery.net/wbuckley.htm William Francis Buckley, Lieutenant Colonel, United States Army Assassinated CIA Station Chief] , Arlington National Cemetery Website, (2006-04-23). Retrieved on 2008-07-13/]

During the Korean War, Buckley served as a company commander with the 1st Cavalry Division. Next, he returned to Boston University and completed his studies, graduating with a degree in Political Science. It was during this time that Buckley began his first employment with the Central Intelligence Agency, from 1955 to 1957. He was also employed as a librarian in the Concord, Winchester and Lexington public libraries. In 1960, Buckley joined the 320th Special Forces Detachment which became the 11th Special Forces Group and attended both Basic Airborne and the Special Forces Officers Course. He was assigned as an A- Detachment Commander and later as a B-Detachment Commander. Colonel Buckley served in Vietnam with the U.S. Military Assistance Command, Vietnam, or MACV, as a Senior Advisor to the Army of the Republic of Vietnam.

Career at the CIA

In 1965 (or 1963, according to one source), Buckley rejoined the CIA. He may have been recruited by Ted Shackley, joining his Secret Team that had been involved with Edwin Wilson, Thomas Clines, Carl Jenkins, Raphael Quintero, Felix Rodriguez and Luis Posada Carriles, in the CIA “assassination” program. Leslie Cockburn pointed out in her book, Out of Control (1987), that Buckley had had to approve CIA assassinations undertaken by the Shackley organizations. In his book, Prelude to Terror (2005) Joseph Trento claims that Buckley was "one of Shackley's oldest and dearest friends."

Buckley may have been working for the CIA while in Mexico in 1963, but this is unconfirmed. His CIA employment kept him in Vietnam from 1965 to 1970, and he was promoted in his military capacity to Lieutenant Colonel in May 1969. After leaving Vietnam, he served in Zaire (1970-1972), Cambodia (1972), Egypt (1972-1978), and Pakistan (1978-1979). It is believed he worked with William Casey in the secret negotiations that had taken place with the Iranians on behalf of Ronald Reagan during the 1980 presidential elections. Other sources claim that in 1980 he was put in charge to monitor the safety of the Egyptian President Anwar Al Sadat, who was killed the next year.

In 1983, Buckley succeeded Ken Haas as the Beirut Station Chief/Political Officer at the U.S. Embassy, but was kidnapped by the Islamist group Hezbollah on March 16, 1984. Hezbollah was closely allied to Iran. William Casey, who was by then the Director of Central Intelligence, asked Ted Shackley for help in securing Buckley’s release. [http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/JFKbuckleyWF.htm William Francis Buckley] , Spartacus Educational. Retrieved on 2008-07-13.]

Three weeks after Buckley’s abduction, President Ronald Reagan signed the National Security Decision Directive 138. This directive was drafted by Oliver North and outlined plans on how to get the American hostages released from Iran and to “neutralize” terrorist threats from countries such as Nicaragua. This new secret counterterrorist task force was to be headed by Shackley’s old friend, General Richard Secord. This was the beginning of the Iran-Contra deal, which culminated in the exchange of missiles for the release of hostages.

On November 22, 1985, Ted Shackley, Buckley's friend and recruiter, traveled to Hamburg, where he met General Manucher Hashemi, the former head of SAVAK’s counterintelligence division at the Atlantic Hotel. Also at the meeting on 22nd November was Manucher Ghorbanifar. According to the report of this meeting that Shackley sent to the CIA, Ghorbanifar had “fantastic” contacts with Iran, but the CIA had designated him one year earlier as a "fabricator". [ [http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB210/index.htm The Iran-Contra Affair 20 Years On] , The National Security Archive, (2006-11-24). Retrieved on 2008-07-13).] At the meeting Shackley told Hashemi and Ghorbanifar that the United States was willing to discuss arms shipments in exchange for the four Americans kidnapped in Lebanon. Buckley was already dead at this point.

Death and memorials

On October 4, 1985, Islamic Jihad announced that it had executed William Buckley. The US National Security Council acknowledged in a now unclassified note that Buckley probably died on June 3, 1985 of pneumonia-like symptomsUS Security Council, "U.S./Iranian Contacts and the American Hostages"-"Maximum Version" of NSC Chronology of Events, dated November 17, 1986, 2000 Hours - Top Secret, Chronology, November 17, 1986, 12 pp. (UNCLASSIFIED)] . However, Buckley's remains were not recovered until 1991, when his remains were found in a plastic sack on the side of the road to the Beirut airport. Gup, p. 2, 286.] His body was returned to the United States on December 28, 1991, and he was buried in Arlington National Cemetery with full military honors.

An agency memorial service was held in August 1987 to commemorate his death. A public memorial service was held with full military honors at Arlington on May 13, 1988, just short of 3 years after his presumed death date. At the service, attended by more than 100 colleagues and friends, CIA Director William H. Webster eulogized Buckley, saying, "Bill's success in collecting information in situations of incredible danger was exceptional, even remarkable." He is buried in Section 59, Lot 346 of Arlington National Cemetery. [ [http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=5852472&pt=William%20Buckley William Francis Buckley (1928 - 1985)] , Findagrave.com, (2001-10-17). Retrieved on 2008-07-13.]

Among Colonel Buckley's Army awards are the Silver Star, Soldier's Medal, Bronze Star with "V", two Purple Hearts, Meritorious Service Medal, Combat Infantry Badge, and the Parachutist Badge. He also received the Vietnam Cross of Gallantry w/ Bronze Star from ARVN. Among his CIA awards are the Intelligence Star, Exceptional Service Medallion and Distinguished Intelligence Cross.

Among his civilian awards are the Freedom Foundation Award for Lexington Green Diorama, Collegium and Academy of Distinguished Alumni - Boston University. A memorial park - The William F. Buckley Memorial Park in Stoneham, Massachusetts, is dedicated to his memory. The fifty-first star on the Wall of Honor at CIA headquarters represents him, surrounded by about 82 other stars (as of January 2005) representing CIA officers killed in the line of duty. Approximately 35 of the stars are for unnamed agents whose identities have not been revealed for national security reasons. His name and year of death are recorded in the "Book of Honor" at the wall.

According to the biographical information distributed by the CIA, Buckley was "an avid reader of politics and history" and "a collector and builder of miniature soldiers." The latter hobby enabled him to become a principal artisan in the creation of a panorama at the Lexington Battlefield Tourist Center near his native Bedford, Massachusetts. The press release also said he owned an antique shop and was an amateur artist and a collector of fine art. It called him "a very private and discreet individual." The CIA awarded him an Intelligence Star, an Exceptional Service Medallion and a Distinguished Intelligence Cross, but did not say whether any of these were issued posthumously.

ee also

*Aziz al-Abub
*William R. Higgins (1945–1990)
*Imad Mugniyah (1962–2008)

Notes

External links

* [http://www.arlingtoncemetery.net/wbuckley.htm William Francis Buckley, Lieutenant Colonel, United States Army] - Profile from Arlington cemetery
* [http://www.newsweek.com/id/112771 The Death of Terror's Pioneer] Newsweek February 25 2008

Further reading

*Nigel West, "Seven Spies Who Changed the World". London: Secker & Warburg, 1991 (hard cover). London: Mandarin, 1992 (paperback).
*David Ignatius, "Agents of Innocence", Avon, 1988 (paperback) This book contains a thinly disguised portrait of Buckley (as Tom Rogers)
* Gordon Thomas. "Journey Into Madness : The True Story of Secret CIA Mind Control and Medical Abuse", Bantam, 1989, ISBN 0-553-05357-4

Persondata
NAME = Buckley, William Francis
ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
SHORT DESCRIPTION = United States Army Colonel and CIA intelligence agency operative
DATE OF BIRTH = May 30, 1928
PLACE OF BIRTH = Medford, Massachusetts, United States
DATE OF DEATH = June 3, 1985
PLACE OF DEATH = Lebanon