European Pied Flycatcher

Taxobox
name = Pied Flycatcher
status = LC | status_system = IUCN3.1

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image_width = 204px
image_caption = Adult male
regnum = Animalia
phylum = Chordata
classis = Aves
ordo = Passeriformes
familia = Muscicapidae
genus = "Ficedula"
species = "F. hypoleuca"
binomial = "Ficedula hypoleuca"
binomial_authority = (Pallas, 1764)

The Pied Flycatcher, " Ficedula hypoleuca", is a small passerine bird in the Old World flycatcher family, one of the four species of Western Palearctic black-and-white flycatchers. It breeds in most of Europe and western Asia. It is migratory, wintering mainly in western Africa.

This is a 12-13.5 cm long bird. The breeding male is mainly black above and white below, with a large white wing patch, white tail sides and a small forehead patch. The Iberian subspecies "iberiae" (known as Iberian Pied Flycatcher) has a larger forehead patch and a pale rump. Non-breeding males, females and juveniles have the black replaced by a pale brown, and may be very difficult to distinguish from other "Ficedula" flycatchers, particularly the Collared Flycatcher, with which this species hybridizes to a limited extent (Parkin 2003).

The bill is black, and has the broad but pointed shape typical of aerial insectivores. As well as taking insects in flight, this species hunts caterpillars amongst the oak foliage, and will take berries. It is therefore a much earlier spring migrant than the more aerial Spotted Flycatcher, and its loud rhythmic and melodious song is characteristic of oak woods in spring.

They are birds of deciduous woodlands, parks and gardens, with a preference for oak trees. They build an open nest in a tree hole, and will readily adapt to an open-fronted nest box. 4-10 eggs are laid.

The very similar Atlas Flycatcher ("Ficedula speculigera"), of the mountains of north west Africa was formerly classed as subspecies of the Pied Flycatcher.

References

* Database entry includes justification for why this species is of least concern

* Parkin, David T. (2003): Birding and DNA: species for the new millennium. "Bird Study" 50(3): 223–242. [http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/bto/bird/2003/00000050/00000003/art00003 HTML abstract]

External links

* [http://www.ibercajalav.net/img/387_PiedFlycatcherFhypoleuca.pdf Ageing and sexing (PDF) by Javier Blasco-Zumeta]
* [http://www.bsc-eoc.org/avibase/species.jsp?lang=EN&id=97F9C53ACF6FEF18&ts=1220606924050&sec=summary Avibase]
* [http://www.oiseaux.net/birds/photos/pied.flycatcher.html Oiseaux] Images.