Attleborough

Infobox UK place
official_name= Attleborough
country= England
region= East of England
shire_county= Norfolk
shire_district= South Norfolk
constituency_westminster= South Norfolk
population= 9,702 (2001)
os_grid_reference= TM049954
latitude= 52.51826
longitude= 1.01916
post_town= ATTLEBOROUGH
postcode_area= NR
postcode_district= NR17
dial_code= 01953

Attleborough is a market town and civil parish in Norfolk, England situated between Norwich and Thetford. The parish falls within the district of Breckland and has an area of 21.90 km² with a Mainline [http://www.oneanglia.com/timetable/current/local/nor-tofrom-cam.asp train service] to both Norwich and Cambridge.

Attleborough is located at coord|52|31|00|N|01|01|00|E| (52.5167, 1.0167)¹.

In the 2001 census the town had a population of 9702 distributed between 4185 households. [Office for National Statistics & Norfolk County Council (2001). " [http://www.norfolk.gov.uk/consumption/groups/public/documents/general_resources/ncc017867.xls Census population and household counts for unparished urban areas and all parishes] ". Retrieved July 25, 2005.]

Attleborough's MP is Christopher Fraser (Conservative), the MP for South-West Norfolk.

The town is served by Attleborough railway station.

Educational Facilities

There are four schools in the town: Attleborough High School and Attleborough Infant School which reside on Norwich Road, Attleborough Junior School on the Besthorpe Road and a Special Needs school, Chapel Road School, named after its location.

A new education centre recently opened within the town on Norwich Road.

History

The Anglo-Saxon foundation of the settlement is unrecorded; a popular theory of the town's origin makes it a foundation of an Atlinge, [There is also Attleborough, Yorkshire.] and certainly "burgh" (or "burh") indicates that it was fortified at an early date. According to the mid-twelfth-century hagiographer of Saint Edmund, Galfridus de Fontibus, Athla was the founder of the Ancient and royal town of Attleborough in Norfolk. In the Doomsday survey launched in 1085 it is referred to as Attleburc.

After the Danes swept across Norfolk and seized Thetford, it is believed that the Saxons rallied their forces at Attleborough and probably threw up some form of protection. Although the Saxons put up a vigorous resistance, they eventually capitulated to the Danes and during the time of Edward the Confessor, powerful Danish families like Toradre and Turkill rules local manors. If local records are correct, nothing but disaster was brought to Attleborough by the Danes, and it took the coming of William the Conqueror to restore some sense of well-being to the area.

Turkill relinquished his hold on the area to the Mortimer family towards the end of William's reign, and they governed Attleborough for more than three centuries. In the 14th century the Mortimer family founded the Chapel of the Holy Cross (being the South Transept of Attleborough Church), about a century later, a Sir Robert de Mortimer founded the College of the Holy Cross, and later was added the Nave and Aisles, to accommodate the congregation.

Following Henry the VIII's dissolution of the monasteries the building was virtually destroyed by Robert Radcliffe, Lord Fitz Walter, Earl of Sussex, and material from the building was used for making up the road between Attleborough and Buckenham. However, this left Attleborough Church with a tower at the East End.

Many towns can claim the distinction of having had a fire, and Attleborough is no exception, a great part of the town being destroyed by fire in 1559. It was during that period that the Griffin Hotel was built, and it was in the cellars of the Griffin that prisoners on their way to the March Assizes in Thetford were confined overnight, tethered by chains to rings in the wall.

The arrival of the prisoners aroused a great deal of public interest, and eventually traders set up a fair whenever they came. This became known as Attleborough Rogues Fair and was held on the Market Place on the last Thursday in March. Also on the market place festivities took place on Midsummer Day, when the annual guild was held. It appears that there has been the right to hold a weekly Thursday Market in the town since 1285. A weekly market is still held and has recently (in 2004) returned to Queen's Square where it is presumed the market was originally held.

The first turnpike road in England is reputed to have been created here at the end of the 17th century, Acts of Parliament were passed in 1696 and 1709, "For the repairing of the highway between Wymondham and Attleborough, in the County of Norfolk, and for including therein the road from Wymondham to Hethersett".

The first national census of 1801 listed the population of Attleborough as 1,333. By 1845 Attleborough certainly dominated the surrounding parishes with a population of nearly 2,000, and in that year the railway (Norwich to Brandon) arrived.

The town supported six hostelries: The Griffin – the oldest, The Angel, The Bear, The Cock, The Crown and The White Horse. The Griffin, The Bear and The Cock still operate but The Crown is now a Youth Centre and The Angel is a building society branch office. Nothing is known of the fate of The White Horse after 1904, although White Horse Lane where the pub was situated still exists. There are currently two more public houses: The London Tavern and The Mulberry Tree, which is also an award winning restaurant. At the centre of the town is Queens Square, at one time referred to as market hill.

In 1863 a corn exchange was built in the High Street owned by a company of local farmers and in 1896 the Gaymers cider-making plant was built on the south side of the railway and soon became established as the largest employer in the town. The factory has now closed for cider-making, but has recently re-opened as a chicken processing plant and the corn exchange is now a warehouse for a firm of electrical retailers.

The first world war affected Attleborough probably for no better or worse than many similar small towns. Five hundred and fifty men joined the armed forces and 96 did not return.

The 1920s saw continuing growth as a market centre, held on a Thursday the stalls spread along the pavements of Church Street and in an open area by the Angel Hotel opposite the Griffin Inn. It was the turkey sales which made the town a thriving market centre in the 1930s, and thousands were sold each year on Michaelmas day. Local employment still largely revolved round Gaymers cider works.

In the early thirties the Corn Hall was sold and became a cinema, reaching its heyday in the early 40s.

Well into the 1930s lighting was by oil lamps, then came the building of the Gas Works in Queens Road (since demolished, although the Gas Keepers house is still there). Gradually gas was piped into homes, but it was a slow process.

During 1939 the Old Post Office was sold and it became the Doric Restaurant in Queens Square. It is now the Town Hall. The new Post Office was built in Exchange Street.

There were two local airfields during World War II, one at Deopham Green (Station 142) and one at Old Buckenham (Station 144).

Structurally the town changed little during the 1950s and there were no great leaps in population growth, other than the arrival of the notorious London gangsters, the Kray twins, who took over a local hostelry. The sixties were different, the overspill programme and new town development brought new families into south Norfolk. Attleborough had to make decisions for the future and new development zones were designated.

The first estate programme began with the building of the council-owned Cyprus Estate which has since been complemented by other private housing schemes such as Fairfields and Ollands built mainly in the 1970s and a large estate on the south side of the town in the 1990s. The traditional traffic route along the A11 trunk road became a bottleneck as it ran both ways along High Street and Church Street, thus in the 1970s a one-way system was opened channelling traffic around the natural ring road surrounding the church. The volume of traffic continued to increase making that change obsolete so the Attleborough bypass was opened in 1984. The bypass was widened and completed in 2007 removing the only single lane section of the A11 between Thetford and Norwich.

Attleborough has a large history of town carnivals, 2007 being the 35th anniversary. Attleborough Carnival is said to be the 2nd largest carnival in Norfolk. Recent years have seen events such as 'Party On The Park' appear as a very popular event. There are also events such as Rose Queen, a Talent Show and a Dog Show throughout the carnival week. Carnival 2008 also brings the launch of the 'Attleborough Carnival Family Funday' on Sunday 13th July 2008. Anyone wishing for more information or to get envolved can contact the Carnival Committee via the website listed below.

Notable Residents

*Malcolm Arnold lived in the town in the from the late 1980's until his death in 2006

References

External links

* [http://www.attleboroughonline.co.uk/calendar/ Attleborough Online Event Calendar] Attleboroughs Online Event Calendar showing event from Town Council meetings to Events happening at the Connaught Hall.
* [http://www.attleboroughcarnival.org/ Attleborough Carnival Website] - All the news and information for the carnival in Attleborough Norfolk.
* [http://www.attleboroughforum.com/ Attleborough Town Website] - The Community based Website for Attleborough Norfolk.
* [http://attleborough.phpbbnow.com/ Attleborough Forum] – Discussion Forum about Attleborough, Norfolk.
* [http://www.dissexpress.co.uk/ Diss Express] – Attleborough's local newspaper website
*oscoor|TM047953_region:GB_scale:100000|Map sources for Attleborough.
* [http://www.origins.org.uk/genuki/NFK/places/a/attleborough/ Information from Genuki Norfolk] on Attleborough.
* [http://www.breckland.gov.uk Breckland Council]
* [http://www.norfolkmills.co.uk/windmills.html Attleborough windmills] from the Norfolkmills website
* [http://www.attleborough1297.co.uk] – Old pictures of Attleborough, from the past 100 years.
*(http://www.amoghasiddhi.org.uk) - Amoghasiddhi Buddhist centre, located in the heart of Attleborough

Attleborough Schools online
* [http://www.attleborough-inf.norfolk.sch.uk/ Attleborough Infant School]
* [http://www.attleborough-jun.norfolk.sch.uk/ Attleborough Junior School]
* [http://www.attleboroughhigh.org.uk/ Attleborough High School]

Surrounding Towns and Villages
*Wymondham
*Hingham Norfolk UK
* [http://hingham-norfolk.4t.com/ The Hingham Norfolk Community Based Website]
* [http://hingham.phpbbnow.com/ The Hingham Norfolk Online Message Board and Forum]