Frederick Wollaston Hutton

Captain Frederick Wollaston Hutton, FRS, (16 November 1836 – 27 October 1905) was an English scientist who applied the theory of natural selection to explain the origins and nature of the natural history of New Zealand.

Biography

Hutton was born in Gate Burton, Lincolnshire, England and passed through Southwell Grammar School and the Naval Academy at Gosport, Hampshire. He studied applied science at King's College London before being commissioned in the Royal Welch Fusiliers and fighting in the Crimean War and the Indian Mutiny.

Hutton returned to England in 1860, and continued to study geology at Sandhurst, being elected to the Geological Society of London in the same year. In 1861, he reviewed Charles Darwin's "The Origin of Species" for "The Geologist". Throughout his life, Hutton remained a staunch exponent of Darwin's theories of natural selection, and Darwin himself expressed his appreciation in a letter to Hutton.

Hutton married Annie Gouger Montgomerie in 1863, and resigned his commission in 1866 in order to travel with his wife and two children to New Zealand, where four more children would follow. They lived initially in Waikato, where Hutton tried his hand at flax milling, but he soon changed back to geology, joining the Geological Survey of New Zealand in 1866 and becoming Provincial Geologist of Otago in 1874. At the same time, he was made lecturer in geology at the University of Otago and curator of the museum there. Hutton became professor of biology at Canterbury College in 1880, and was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1892. The following year, he also took on the curatorship of the Canterbury Museum. Towards the end of his life, Hutton was made president of the Royal Australasian Ornithologists Union and the New Zealand Institute. He was awarded the Clarke Medal by the Royal Society of New South Wales in 1891.

Hutton died on the return voyage from England on the 27 October 1905, and was buried at sea off Cape Town, South Africa. He is commemorated in the Hutton Memorial Medal and Research Fund, awarded for scientific works bearing on the zoology, botany or geology of New Zealand.

Hutton's publications

*1873: " [http://www.archive.org/details/catalogueofmarin00well Catalogue of the marine Mollusca of New Zealand, with diagnoses of the species] "
*1881: " [http://www.archive.org/details/cataloguesofnewz00domi Catalogues of the New Zealand Diptera, Orthoptera, Hymenoptera; with descriptions of the species] "
*1887: "Darwinism"
*1896: " [http://www.wku.edu/~smithch/biogeog/HUTT1896.htm Theoretical Explanations of the Distribution of Southern Faunas] "
*1899: "Darwinism and Lamarckism: Old and New"
*1902: " [http://www.archive.org/details/lessonofevolutio00huttrich The Lesson of Evolution] " - [http://www.archive.org/details/lessonofevolutio00huttuoft 1st edition]
*1902: "Nature in New Zealand" (a popular work co-written with James Drummond)
*1904: " [http://www.archive.org/details/indexfaunnov00hutt Index Faunae Nova-Zealandiae] " (a complete list of all animals recorded in New Zealand)
*1904: "The Animals of New Zealand" (a popular work co-written with James Drummond)

References

*Parton, H. N. "Hutton, Frederick Wollaston 1836–1905". " [http://www.dnzb.govt.nz/ Dictionary of New Zealand Biography] ", updated 7 July 2005
* [http://www.teara.govt.nz/1966/H/HuttonFrederickWollaston/HuttonFrederickWollaston/en Frederick Wollaston Hutton] in the 1966 Encyclopaedia of New Zealand