Zauschneria

Taxobox
name = Zauschneria


image_width = 240px
image_caption = Zauschneria flowers
regnum = Plantae
divisio = Magnoliophyta
classis = Magnoliopsida
ordo = Myrtales
familia = Onagraceae
genus = "Epilobium"
species = "E. canum"
binomial = "Epilobium canum"
binomial_authority = (Greene) Raven

Zauschneria ("Epilobium canum") is a species of willowherb, native to dry slopes and in chaparral of western North America. It is a perennial plant, notable for the profusion of bright scarlet flowers in late summer and autumn.

The name reflects that in the past it used to be treated in a distinct genus "Zauschneria", but modern studies have shown that it is best placed within the genus "Epilobium". Other common names include California-fuchsia (from the resemblance of the flowers to those of Fuchsias), hummingbird flower, and hummingbird trumpet (the flowers are very attractive to hummingbirds).

It is a subshrub growing to 60 cm tall. Native populations of these plants exhibit considerable variation in appearance and habit. The small leaves may be opposite or alternate, lance-shaped or ovate, with short to nonexistent stalks, and range in color from green to nearly white. Overall shape may be matting or mounding, the plants commonly spreading via rhizomes. The racemes of tubular or funnel-shaped flowers are terminal, and colors are mostly reddish, ranging from fuchsia to pink to red-orange.

The wide degree of variation has led to the description of many subspecies, mostly no longer recognised as distinct due to the extansive intergradation between them; the following are still recognised:
*"Epilobium canum" subsp. "canum" (syn. subsp. "angustifolia", subsp. "microphylla")
*"Epilobium canum" subsp. "garrettii"
*"Epilobium canum" subsp. "latifolium"

The closely related species "Epilobium septentrionale" (Northern Willowherb) was also formerly treated in the genus "Zauschneria".

Cultivation

As befits their origin, they prefer to be cultivated in well-drained soil exposed to full sun but protected from the wind, and need little watering.

A small number of hybrid cultivars have been introduced by various growers, in some cases by working from isolated populations, such as those on Santa Cruz Island off the California coast.

The plant is named after Johann Baptista Josef Zauschner (1737-1799), a professor of medicine and botany in Prague.

External links

* [http://www.suncrestnurseries.com/specialistdescrpt/epilobium.html A description of species variability]
* [http://web.archive.org/web/20050207021226/http://www.nybg.org/bsci/hcol/intf/Onagraceae.html Old specimens at the New York Botanical Garden] (archive link, was dead)