French post offices in the Ottoman Empire

French post offices in the Ottoman Empire

The French post offices in the Ottoman Empire were post offices in various cities of the Ottoman Empire run by France between 1812 and 1923. France was one of nine countries that had negotiated "Capitulations" with the Ottomans, various extra-territorial rights in exchange for trade opportunities. In the case of mail, the countries' purpose was to facilitate communication between business interests at home and agents throughout the Middle East. The system came to end with the Treaty of Lausanne in 1923.

Originally, the post office used postage stamps of France, but these were denominated in centimes and francs instead of the local piasters, so beginning in 1885, some French stamps were surcharged in piasters, at a rate of four piasters to the franc.

Beginning in 1902, the Merson series was issued with the inscription "LEVANT", both as centime/franc, and with higher values surcharged in piasters. In 1905, 15c stamps in Beirut were surcharged with "1 Piastre / Beyrouth".

World War I forced the closure of all the post offices on 13 October 1914. After the war, only the office in Istanbul reopened, operating from August 1921 to July 1923. Stamps of France were again surcharged, with values from 30 paras to 75 piasters.

Four post offices also issued their own stamps between 1893 and 1903: Cavalle (present-day Kavala), Dedeagh (Dedeagatch, present-day Alexandroupoli), Port Lagos, and Vathy (Samos).

Post offices:
* Alexandretta
* Beirut
* Candia (nowadays "Iraklion")
* Canea (nowadays "Chania")
* Castellorizo
* Cavalle
* Istanbul

* Dedeagh
* Galata
* Gallipoli
* Jaffa
* Jerusalem
* Kustendje (nowadays "Constanţa")
* Latakia
* Merson

* Port Lagos
* Rhodes
* Rodosto
* Salonica
* Sinope
* Smyrna
* Sulina
* Trebizond
* Tripoli
* Tulcea

* Varna
* Volos

ee also

* French post offices abroad
* French post offices in Crete
* French post offices in Egypt

Sources

* Stanley Gibbons Ltd: various catalogues
* [http://www.jl.sl.btinternet.co.uk/stampsite/home.html Encyclopaedia of Postal History]
* Stuart Rossiter & John Flower: "The Stamp Atlas"

External links

* [http://robert.desert.chez-alice.fr/index.htm "Bureaux français de l'Empire ottoman"] , specialized website awarded by the Académie de philatélie in 2001.


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