- Doctrine for Joint Nuclear Operations
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The Doctrine for Joint Nuclear Operations was a U.S. Department of Defense document publicly discovered in 2005 on the circumstances under which commanders of U.S. forces could request the use of nuclear weapons. The document was a draft being revised to be consistent with the Bush doctrine of preemptive attack.[1]
The doctrine cites 8 reasons under which field commanders can ask for permission to use nuclear weapons:
- An enemy using or threatening to use WMD against US, multinational, or alliance forces or civilian populations.
- To prevent an imminent biological attack.
- To attack enemy WMD or its deep hardened bunkers containing WMD that could be used to target US or its allies.
- To stop potentially overwhelming conventional enemy forces.
- To rapidly end a war on favorable US terms.
- To make sure US and international operations are successful.
- To show US intent and capability to use nuclear weapons to deter enemy from using WMDs.
- To react to enemy-supplied WMD use by proxies against US and international forces or civilians.
Below are some quotes from the executive summary of the document.. Note: After public exposure, the Pentagon has hidden the Doctrine for Joint Nuclear Operations and three related documents, referring to this as "cancelling" the documents.[2] The decision to "cancel" the documents simply removes controversial documents from the public domain and from the Pentagon's internal reading list. The White House and Pentagon guidance that directs the use of nuclear weapons remains unchanged by the cancellation.[3]
"The use of nuclear weapons represents a significant escalation from conventional warfare and may be provoked by some action, event, or threat. However, like any military action, the decision to use nuclear weapons is driven by the political objective sought."... "Integrating conventional and nuclear attacks will ensure the most efficient use of force and provide US leaders with a broader range of strike options to address immediate contingencies… This integration will ensure optimal targeting, minimal collateral damage, and reduce the probability of escalation." ... "Although the United States may not know with confidence what threats a state, combinations of states, or nonstate actors pose to US interests, it is possible to anticipate the capabilities an adversary might use… These capabilities require maintaining a diverse mix of conventional forces capable of high-intensity, sustained, and coordinated actions across the range of military operations; employed in concert with survivable and secure nuclear forces" ... "The immediate and prolonged effects of nuclear weapons including blast (overpressure, dynamic pressure, ground shock, and cratering), thermal radiation (fire and other material effects), and nuclear radiation (initial, residual, fallout, blackout, and electromagnetic pulse), impose physical and psychological challenges for combat forces and noncombatant populations alike. These effects also pose significant survivability requirements on military equipment, supporting civilian infrastructure resources, and host-nation/coalition assets. US forces must prepare to survive and perhaps operate in a nuclear/radiological environment."
In 2010 U.S. President Barack Obama, in a Nuclear Posture Review, announced a new policy that is much stricter about when the U.S. would order a nuclear strike.[4]
See also
- Nuclear strategy
- Nuclear Posture Review
- Nuclear weapons and the United States
- Jorge E. Hirsch
- Seymour Hersh
References
- ^ Walter Pincus (11 September 2005). "Pentagon Revises Nuclear Strike Plan". Washington Post. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/09/10/AR2005091001053.html. Retrieved 9 April 2010.
- ^ Pentagon Cancels Controversial Nuclear Doctrine, February 2, 2006, FAS
- ^ U.S. Nuclear Weapons Guidance, last update March 16, 2006, FAS
- ^ David E. Sanger; Peter Baker (5 April 2010). "Obama Limits When U.S. Would Use Nuclear Arms". New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2010/04/06/world/06arms.html. Retrieved 8 April 2010.
External links
Categories: Nuclear weapons of the United States | Nuclear strategies | Nuclear weapons policy | United States Department of Defense doctrine
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