Vehicle

Vehicles, derived from the Latin word, "vehiculum", are non-living means of transport. Most often they are manufactured (e.g. bicycles, cars, motorcycles, trains, ships, boats, and aircraft), although some other means of transport which are not made by humans also may be called vehicles; examples include icebergs and floating tree trunks.

Vehicles may be propelled or pulled by animals, for instance, a chariot, a stagecoach, a mule-drawn barge, or an ox-cart. However, animals on their own, though used as a means of transport, are not called vehicles, but rather beasts of burden or draft animals. This distinction includes humans carrying another human, for example a child or a disabled person.

A rickshaw is a vehicle that may carry a human and be powered by a human, but it is the mechanical form or cart that is powered by the human that is labeled as the vehicle. For some human-powered vehicles the human providing the power is labeled as a "driver".

Vehicles that do not travel on land often are called craft, such as watercraft, sailcraft, aircraft, hovercraft, and spacecraft

Land vehicles are classified broadly by what is used to apply steering and drive forces against the ground: wheeled, tracked, railed, or skied.

Bicycle

::"see Bicycles (see also Vehicular Cycling)"::"see main article History of the bicycle"

Tricycle

::"see Tricycle"

Quadricycle

::"see Quadricycle"

Velomobile

::"see Velomobile"

Electric road carriages

::"see electric vehicle::"see history of the electric vehicle

team road carriage

::"see steam car

team tricycle

:"See steam tricycle"At the other end of the scale, much lighter steam vehicles have been constructed such as the steam tricycle from the Comte de Dion in 1887.

Petroleum (gasoline / diesel) motor-carriages

:"See Benz Patent Motorwagen":"See Ford's model T":"See Automobile"

Road trains

A road train consists of a conventional heavy truck pulling three trailers or more, used in rural areas of Australia to move bulky loads such as livestock efficiently.

The motorcycle

:"See Motorcycle":"See Gottlieb Daimler

Mechanical rail-vehicles

:"see Trains":"see Trams"

Mechanical road vehicles

:"see Cars:"see Buses:"see Trucks:"see Vans

Mechanical water vehicles

:"see Boats":"see Ships"

Mechanical under-water vehicles

:"see submarines":"see submersibles":"see diving bells":"see diving chambers"

Mechanical land and water vehicles

:"see Amphibious vehicle:"see Amphibious ATV:"see Hovercraft

Mechanical air vehicles

:"see aircraft":"see Wing-In-Ground effect vehicle

Mechanical snow vehicles

:"see snowmobile"

Types of vehicles

*Auto rickshaws
*Bicycles
*Buses
*Cars
*Coaches
*Vans
*

Legislation

European Union

In the European Union the classifications for vehicle types are defined by [ [http://europa.eu/scadplus/leg/en/s06021.htm Scadplus: Technical Harmonisation For Motor Vehicles ] ] :
* Commission Directive 2001/116/EC of 20 December 2001, adapting to technical progress Council Directive 70/156/EEC on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to the type-approval of motor vehicles and their trailers [ [http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:31970L0156:EN:NOT Council Directive 70/156/EEC, about Type-approval of motor vehicles and their trailers] , [http://www.tuev-sued.de/uploads/images/1134986896205242531101/001116e.pdf Commission Directive 2001/116/EC of 20 December 2001, adapting to technical progress Council Directive 70/156/EEC on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to the type-approval of motor vehicles and their trailers] ]
* Directive 2002/24/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 18 March 2002 relating to the type-approval of two or three-wheeled motor vehicles and repealing Council Directive 92/61/EEC

European Community, is based on the Community's WVTA (whole vehicle type-approval) system. Under this system, manufacturers can obtain certification for a vehicle type in one Member State if it meets the EC technical requirements and then market it EU-wide with no need for further tests. Total technical harmonization already has been achieved in three vehicle categories (passenger cars, motorcycles, and tractors) and soon will be extended to other vehicle categories (coaches and utility vehicles). It is essential that European car manufacturers be ensured access to as large a market as possible.

While the Community type-approval system allows manufacturers to benefit fully from the opportunities offered by the internal market, worldwide technical harmonization in the context of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) offers them a market which extends beyond European borders.

USA

Acronyms and abbreviations

See also

: "Main: List of basic vehicle topics"

References

External links

* [http://www.epa.gov/greenvehicles/ Green Vehicle Guide]
* [http://www.uberreview.com/2006/09/the-worlds-most-unique-vehicles.htm/ Strangest Vehicles In The World]
* [http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:31970L0156:EN:NOT Council Directive 70/156/EEC, about Type-approval of motor vehicles and their trailers] .
* [http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:31980L1267:EN:NOT Council Directive 80/1267/EEC: Amendment of Directive 70/156/EEC]
* [http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:31980L1268:EN:NOT Council Directive 80/1268/EEC Fuel consumption of motor vehicles] .
* [http://www.nsai.ie/index.cfm/area/page/information/motorvehicle EU Motor Vehicle Type Approval] .