Divisions of Pakistan

Divisions of Pakistan

Divisions are the third tier of government in Pakistan, between the provinces and districts. They were abolished in 2000 by the government of former president Pervez Musharraf to make way for local governance via district governments. As of August 2008, divisions in some provinces have been restored with Punjab taking the lead and restoring its eight divisions.[1]

The four provinces of Pakistan are subdivided into administrative "divisions", which are further subdivided into districts and tehsils. The divisions do not include the Islamabad Capital Territory or the Federally Administered Tribal Areas, which are counted at the same level as provinces.

Contents

History

Administrative divisions had formed an integral tier of government from colonial times. The Governor's provinces of British India were subdivided into divisions, which were themselves subdivided into districts. At independence in 1947, the new nation of Pakistan comprised two wings - eastern and western, separated by India. Three of the provinces of Pakistan were subdivided into ten administrative divisions. The single province in the eastern wing, East Bengal, had four divisions - Chittagong, Dacca, Khulna and Rajshahi. The province of West Punjab had four divisions - Lahore, Multan, Rawalpindi and Sargodha. The Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa had two divisions - Dera Ismail Khan and Peshawar. Most of the divisions were named after the divisional capitals, with some exceptions.

From 1955 to 1970, the One Unit policy meant that there were only two provinces - East and West Pakistan. East Pakistan had the same divisions as East Bengal had previously, but West Pakistan gradually gained seven new divisions to add to the original six. The Baluchistan States Union became Kalat Division, while the former Baluchistan Chief Commissioner's Province became Quetta Division. Most of the former Sind Province became Hyderabad Division, with some parts joining the princely state of Khairpur to form Khairpur Division. The former princely state of Bahawalpur became the Bahawalpur Division. The Federal Capital Territory was absorbed into West Pakistan in 1961 and merged with the princely state of Las Bela to form the Karachi-Bela Division. In 1969, the princely states of Chitral, Dir and Swat were incorporated into West Pakistan as the division of Malakand with Saidu as the divisional headquarters.

New Provinces

When West Pakistan was dissolved, the divisions were regrouped into four new provinces. Gradually over the late 1970s, new divisions were formed; Hazara and Kohat divisions were split from Peshawar Division; Gujranwala Division was formed from parts of Lahore and Rawalpindi divisions; Dera Ghazi Khan Division was split from Multan Division; Faisalabad Division was split from Sargodha Division; Sibi Division was formed from parts of Kalat and Quetta divisions; Lasbela District was transferred from Karachi Division to Kalat Division; Makran Division split from Kalat Division. The name of Khairpur Division was changed to Sukkur Division.

During the military rule of General Zia-ul-Haq, the Advisory Council of Islamic Ideology (headed by Justice Tanzilur Rahman) was tasked with finding ways to Islamicise the country. One of its recommendations was that the existing four provinces should be dissolved and the twenty administrative divisions should become new provinces in a federal structure with greater devolution of power, but this proposal was never implemented.

In the early 1990s, Naseerabad division was split from Sibi Division; Zhob Division was split from Quetta Division; Bannu Division was split from Dera Ismail Khan Division; Mardan Division was split from Peshawar Division; Larkana Division was split from Sukkur Division; Mirpur Khas Division was split from Hyderabad Division. The capital of Kalat Division was moved from Kalat to Khuzdar. 64Gul

Abolition

In August 2000, local government reforms abolished the "Division" as an administrative tier and introduced a system of local government councils, with the first elections held in 2001. Following that there was radical restructuring of the local government system to implement "the principle of subsidiarity, whereby all functions that can be effectively performed at the local level are transferred to that level". This meant devolution of many functions to districts and tehsils, which were handled at the provincial and divisional levels. At abolition, there were twenty-six divisions in Pakistan proper - five in Sindh, six in Balochistan, seven in Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa and eight in Punjab. Abolition did not affect the two divisions of Azad Kashmir, which form the second tier of government.

Restoration

In 2008, after the public elections and a new govt. coming in, the new democratic government decided to restore the divisions of all provinces.[2]

Currently Punjab has nine divisions (and a total of 36 districts) with Sahiwal Division being the newest.[3]

In Sindh after the lapse of the Local Governments Bodies term in 2010 the Divisional Commissioners system was to be restored.[4][5] [6]

In July 2011, following excessive violence in the city of Karachi and after the political split between the ruling PPP and the majority party in Sindh, the MQM and after the resignation of the MQM Governor of Sindh, PPP and the Govt. of Sindh decided to restore the commissionerate system in the province. As a consequence, the five divisions of Sindh have been restored namely, Karachi, Hyderabad, Sukkur, Mirpurkhas and Larkana with their respective districts.[7]

Karachi district has been de-merged into its 5 original constituent districts namely Karachi East, Karachi West, Karachi Central, Karachi South and Malir. These five districts form the Karachi Division now.[8]

The Divisions

Pakistan

The following tables show the current Divisions by province.

Divisions of Balochistan Province
Division Area (km²) Capital
Kalat 140,612 Khuzdar
Makran 52,067 Turbat
Naseerabad 16,946 Naseerabad
Quetta 64,310 Quetta
Sibi 27,055 Sibi
Zhob 46,200 Loralai
Divisions of Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa Province
Division Area (km²) Capital
Bannu 4,391 Bannu
Dera Ismail Khan 9,005 Dera Ismail Khan
Hazara 17,194 Abbottabad
Kohat 7,012 Kohat
Malakand 29,872 Saidu Sharif
Mardan 3,046 Mardan
Peshawar 4,001 Peshawar


Divisions of Punjab Province
Division Area (km²) Capital
Bahawalpur 45,588 Bahawalpur
Dera Ghazi Khan 38,778 Dera Ghazi Khan
Faisalabad 17,917 Faisalabad
Gujranwala 17,206 Gujranwala
Lahore 16,104 Lahore
Multan 21,137 Multan
Rawalpindi 22,255 Rawalpindi
Sargodha 26,360 Sargodha
Sahiwal Sahiwal
Divisions of Sindh Province
Division Area (km²) Capital
Hyderabad 48,670 Hyderabad
Karachi 3,528 Karachi
Larkana 15,543 Larkana
Mirpur Khas 38,421 Mirpur Khas
Sukkur 34,752 Sukkur

Eastern Pakistan

This table shows the divisions of East Pakistan as they stood at the time of Bangladeshi independence in 1971. See also: Divisions of Bangladesh.

Divisions of East Bengal/East Pakistan
Division Area (km²) Capital
Chittagong 45,414 Chittagong
Dacca 30,772 Dacca
Khulna 33,575 Khulna
Rajshahi 34,235 Rajshahi


Population

Division Pop-1998 Pop-1981 Area(km.²) Capital
Azad Kashmir 2800000 1980000 11639 Muzaffarabad
Bahawalpur 7635591 4668636 45588 Bahawalpur
Bannu 1165692 710786 4391 Bannu
Dera Ghazi Khan 6503590 3746837 38778 Dera Ghazi Khan
Dera Ismail Khan 1091211 635494 9005 Dera Ismail Khan
Faisalabad 9885685 6667425 17917 Faisalabad
F.A.T.A. 3176331 2198547 27220 Islamabad
Gujranwala 11431058 7522352 17206 Gujranwala
Hazara 3505581 2701257 17194 Abbottabad
Hyderabad 6829537 4678290 48670 Hyderabad
Islamabad 805235 204364 906 Islamabad
Kalat 1457722 1044174 140612 Khuzdar
Karachi 9856318 5437984 3528 Karachi
Kohat 1307969 758772 7012 Kohat
Lahore 14248641 8670358 16104 Lahore
Larkana 4233076 2746201 15543 Larkana
Makran 832753 652602 52067 Turbat
Malakand 4262700 2466767 29872 Saidu
Mardan 2486904 1506500 3046 Mardan
Mirpur Khas 3936349 2419745 38421 Mirpur Khas
Multan 11577431 7533710 21137 Multan
Nasirabad 1076708 699669 16946 Nasirabad
Northern Areas 910000 562000 72520 Gilgit
Peshawar 3923588 2281752 4001 Peshawar
Quetta 1699957 880618 64310 Quetta
Rawalpindi 6659528 4552495 22255 Rawalpindi
Sargodha 5679766 3930628 26360 Sargodha
Sibi 494894 305768 27055 Sibi
Sukkur 5584613 3746446 34752 Sukkur
Zhob 1003851 749545 46200 Loralai

[9]

See also

References

External links


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