Phosphatidylserine

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CASNo = 8002-43-5
PubChem = 445141
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Formula = C13H24NO10P
MolarMass = 385.304
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Autoignition = Phosphatidylserine (abbreviated Ptd-L-Ser, or PS) is a phospholipid component, usually kept on the inner-leaflet, the cytosolic side, of cell membranes by an enzyme called translocase.

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Health Benefits

Memory and Cognition

Early studies of phosphatidylserine distilled the chemical from bovine brain. Because of concerns about BSE, however, modern studies and commercially available products are made from soybeans. The fatty acids attached to the serine in the soy product are not identical to those in the bovine product, which is also impure. However, preliminary studies indicate that the soy product is at least as effective as that of bovine origin. [cite journal |author=Blokland A, Honig W, Brouns F, Jolles J |title=Cognition-enhancing properties of subchronic phosphatidylserine (PS) treatment in middle-aged rats: comparison of bovine cortex PS with egg PS and soybean PS |journal=Nutrition |volume=15 |issue=10 |pages=778–83 |year=1999 |month=October |pmid=10501292 |doi= |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0899900799001574] [cite book |title=Treatment of Age-Related Cognitive Decline: Effects of Phosphatidylserine in Anti-Aging Medical Therapeutics | last=Crook | first= T. H. | volume=2 | coauthors = R. M. Klatz (ed) | publisher = Health Quest Publications | location=Chicago | year=1998 | pages=20-29]

On May 13, 2003, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration stated "based on its evaluation of the totality of the publicly available scientific evidence, the agency concludes that there is not significant scientific agreement among qualified experts that a relationship exists between phosphatidylserine and reduced risk of dementia or cognitive dysfunction." FDA did, however give "qualified health claim" status to phosphatidylserine, stating that "Consumption of phosphatidylserine may reduce the risk of dementia in the elderly" and "Consumption of phosphatidylserine may reduce the risk of cognitive dysfunction in the elderly".

ports Nutrition

Phosphatidylserine has been demonstrated to speed up recovery, prevent muscle soreness, improve well-being, and might possess ergogenic properties in athletes involved in cycling, weight training and endurance running. PS has been reported to be an effective supplement for combating exercise-induced stress by blunting the exercise-induced increase in cortisol levels.cite journal | author=Jäger R, Purpura M, Kingsley M |year=2007 |month=7 |title=Phospholipids and sports performance |journal=Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition |volume=4 |issue= |pages=5 |doi=10.1186/1550-2783-4-5 |pmid=17908342] PS supplementation promotes a desirable hormonal balance for athletes and might attenuate the physiological deterioration that accompanies overtraining and/or overstretching.cite journal | author=Starks MA, Starks SL, Kingsley M, Purpura M, Jäger R |year=2008 |month=7 |title=The effects of phosphatidylserine on endocrine response to moderate intensity exercise |journal=Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition |volume=5 |issue= |pages=11 |doi=10.1186/1550-2783-5-11 |pmid=18662395] In recent studies, PS has been shown to enhance mood in a cohort of young people during mental stress and to improve accuracy during tee-off by increasing the stress resistance of golfers.cite journal | author=Jäger R, Purpura M, Geiss KR, Weiß M, Baumeister J, Amatulli F, Schröder L, Herwegen H. | year=2007 | month=12 | title=The effect of phosphatidylserine on golf performance | journal=Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition | volume=4 | issue= | pages=23 | doi=10.1186/1550-2783-4-23 | pmid=18053194 | url= ]

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder

First pilot studies indicate that PS supplementation might be beneficial for children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder.cite journal | author=Hirayama S, Masuda Y, Rabeler R | year=2006 | month=September/October | title=Effect of phosphatidylserine administration on symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children | journal=Agro Food | volume=17 | issue=5 | pages=32–36] cite journal |author=Vaisman N, Kaysar N, Zaruk-Adasha Y, Pelled D, Brichon G, Zwingelstein G, Bodennec J |year=2008 | month = | title=Correlation between changes in blood fatty acid composition and visual sustained attention performance in children with inattention: effect of dietary n-3 fatty acids containing phospholipids. |journal=The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition | volume=87 |issue=5 |pages=1170–1180 | pmid=18469236]

Safety

Traditionally, PS supplements were derived from bovine cortex (BC-PS); however, due to the potential transfer of infectious diseases, soy-derived PS (S-PS) has been established as a safe alternative. Soy-derived PS is Generally Recognized As Safe (GRAS) and is a safe nutritional supplement for older persons if taken up to a dosage of 200 mg three times daily. [cite journal |author=Jorissen BL, Brouns F, Van Boxtel MP, Riedel WJ |title=Safety of soy-derived phosphatidylserine in elderly people |journal=Nutr Neurosci |volume=5 |issue=5 |pages=337–343 |year=2002 |month=October |pmid=12385596 |doi= |url=] Phosphatidylserine has been shown to reduce specific immune response in mice. [cite journal |author=Hoffmann PR, Kench JA, Vondracek A, "et al" |title=Interaction between phosphatidylserine and the phosphatidylserine receptor inhibits immune responses in vivo |journal=J. Immunol. |volume=174 |issue=3 |pages=1393–404 |year=2005 |month=February |pmid=15661897 |doi= |url=http://www.jimmunol.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=15661897] [cite journal |author=Carr DJ, Guarcello V, Blalock JE |title=Phosphatidylserine suppresses antigen-specific IgM production by mice orally administered sheep red blood cells |journal=Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. |volume=200 |issue=4 |pages=548–54 |year=1992 |month=September |pmid=1508948 |doi= |url=]

Dietary Sources

PS can be found in meat fish, but is most abundant in the brain and in innards such as liver and kidney. Only small amounts of PS can be found in dairy products or in vegetables, with the exception of white beans.

Table 1. PS content in different foods.cite book | author=Souci SW, Fachmann E, Kraut H | year=2008 | title=Food Composition and Nutrition Tables. Medpharm Scientific Publishers Stuttgart]

The average daily PS intake from the diet in Western countries is estimated to be 130 mg.

Applications

Research

Annexin-A5 is a naturally-occurring protein with avid binding affinity for PS. Labeled-annexin-A5 enables visualization of cells in the early- to mid-apoptotic state "in vitro" or "in vivo".

Tumour

Technetium-labeled annexin-A5 enables distinction between malignant and benign tumours whose pathology includes a high rate of cell division and apoptosis in malignant compared with a low rate of apoptosis in benign tumours.

References

External links

* [http://redpoll.pharmacy.ualberta.ca/drugbank/cgi-bin/getCard.cgi?CARD=NUTR00048.txt DrugBank info page]
* [http://www.cfsan.fda.gov/~dms/ds-ltr36.html FDA Qualified Health Claim Phosphatidylserine and Cognitive Dysfunction and Dementia]
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