Libération

Infobox Newspaper
name =


type = Daily newspaper
format = Compact
foundation = 1973
owners = Libération
political = Socialism
headquarters = 11, rue Béranger
F-75154 Paris Cedex 03
editor = Antoine de Gaudemar
website = [http://www.liberation.fr/ www.liberation.fr]

"Libération" (affectionately known as "Libé") is a French daily newspaper founded in Paris in 1973 by Jean-Paul Sartre, Pierre Victor alias Benny Lévy and Serge July in the wake of the protest movements of May 1968. Broadly speaking, "Libération"'s editorial point of view is currently center-left. Originally a leftist newspaper, it has undergone a number of shifts, in particular during the 1980s and 1990s, and, more recently, since Edouard de Rothschild's entrance in its capital (37%) in January 2005Fact|date=June 2008. Serge July's campaign for the "yes" vote in the referendum on the TCE (Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe) alienated it from a number of its left-wing readers. As of 2007, it has a circulation of about 140,000 [http://www.ojd.com/engine/adhchif/chif_fiche.php?adhid=526 OJD] ("Office de justification de la diffusion", French NGO responsible for surveying newspaper circulation ] . "Libé" was also the first French daily to have a website.

History

First period (1973-1981)

"Libération" was founded by Jean-Paul Sartre and has been published from 3 February 1973. Sartre remained editor of "Libération" until May 24, 1974.

The paper was initially run along non-hierarchical lines, with all staff – from the editor-in-chief to the janitor – receiving the same salary, but this later gave way to a "normal set-up". In the early 1980s it began to take advertisements and allowed external bodies to have a stake in its financing, which it had completely refused before, but continued to maintain a left-of-centre editorial stance.

Second period (1981 to present)

After several crises, "Libération" temporarily stopped being published in February 1981. It resumed publication on May 13 under a new format, with Serge July as new director.

"Libération" has a decidedly self-described progressive editorial line, generally supportive of causes such as anti-racism, feminism, and workers' rights. Although it is not affiliated with any political party, it has, from its theoretical origins in the May 1968 turmoil in France, a left-wing slant [ [http://perso.wanadoo.fr/jatteau/tpe/interviews.htm Interviews with journalists from Libération] fr icon ] . According to co-founder and former director Serge July, "Libé" was an activist newspaper that, however, does not support any particular political party, acts as a counter-power, and generally has bad relations with both left-wing and right-wing administrations. "Libé"'s opinion pages ("rebonds") publish views from many political standpoints. An example of their proclaimed independent, "counter-power" slant is when in 1993 Libération leaked former Socialist president François Mitterrand's illegal wiretapping program.

"Libé" is known for its sometimes alternative points of view on cultural and social events. For instance, in addition to reports about crimes and other events, it also chronicles daily criminal trials, bringing in a more human vision of petty criminals. As Serge July puts it , "the equation of "Libération" consisted in combining counter-culture and political radicalism" [ [http://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/label_france/FRANCE/COM/july/july.html Interview with Serge July] (on official French government website) fr icon ] . Critics contend, however, that this radicalism has largely receded since the 1970s and that "Libé" is no longer a truly left-wing newspaper. The editors' decision, in 2005, to support the Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe (TCE) was criticized by many of its readers, who later decided to vote "no" to a treaty seen as too liberal, lacking social views deemed necessary to the solid foundation of a "European nation".

Édouard de Rothschild's involvement

In 2005 "Libération" badly needed funds, and Serge July strove to convince the board to allow Édouard de Rothschild to buy a stake in the paper. The board agreed on 20 January, 2005. Social conflicts arose shortly after. On 25 November, 2005, the paper went on strike, protesting layoffs of 52 workers. [ [http://www.humanite.fr/journal/2006-01-02/2006-01-02-821053 Libération ? Un cas d’école pour la presse française] , "L'Humanité", May 26, 2006 fr icon ] . Rothschild, who had promised he would not interfere in editorial decisions, decided that he wasn't playing an active enough role in the paper's management. [ [http://www.lefigaro.fr/medias/20060614.FIG000000196_les_raisons_d_un_divorce.html Les raisons d'un divorce] , "Le Figaro", June 14, 2006 fr icon ] . In May 2006 the paper announced a week-end magazine called "Libé week-end", with a supplement called "Ecrans" (covering television, internet and film), and another called "R". (The latter was abandoned in September of the same year)

On 13 June 2006, Serge July told the editorial staff that Édouard de Rothschild was refusing to invest more money in the paper unless Louis Dreyfus (directeur général) and himself left the paper. July had accepted, believing the paper's future existence to depend on his decision. The journalists were shocked. The next day, they published a public statement praising the paper's founder and expressing their worries about journalistic independence. [ [http://www.liberation.fr/page.php?Article=390093 Depuis trente-trois ans, Serge July, cofondateur de «Libération»....] , "Libération", June 14, 2006 fr icon ] . Serge July left the paper on 30 June, 2006 [« Pourquoi je quitte "Libération" » ; Serge July ; Libération ; 30 juin 2006

« "The orchestral conductor that I was bids you farewell. "The journalist who I am is infinitely sad no longer to be able to write here. "The reader that I shall remain bids you good-bye." »

( [http://www.liberation.fr/dossiers/liberation/serge/190731.FR.php article en ligne] )] .

A debate between Bernard Lallement, the first administrator-manager of "Libération" and Edouard de Rothschild took place in "Le Monde" newspaper. In a column published on 4 July, 2006, Lallement argued that July's departure was the end of an era where "writing meant something". Lallement painted a bleak picture of "Libération"'s future, as well as that of the press as a whole. Criticizing Rothschild's interference, Lallement quoted Sartre, who had famously said that "Money doesn't have any ideas", [ [http://www.lemonde.fr/web/article/0,1-0@2-3232,36-791233,0.html Une complainte pour Libé] ; Le Monde 4 juillet 2006] . Later, on his blog, Lallement argued that Rothschild, who had had no historic attachment to the paper, was only interested in making money, not in the paper itself. [ [http://sartre.blogspirit.com/archive/2006/07/06/libe-un-paradoxe-tres-cavalier.html Libé : un paradoxe très cavalier] 6 July, 2006] On 6 July, Rothschild declared: "Libération" needs help and moral, intellectual and financial support. "Libération" doesn't need a requiem." [ [http://www.lemonde.fr/web/article/0,1-0@2-3232,36-792175,0.html Libération n'a pas besoin de requiem] ; Le Monde 6 juillet 2006]

62 employees (including 35 journalists, such as Antoine de Gaudemar, chief editor, Sorj Chalandon, who was awarded the Albert Londres prize, both present since the 1973 creation of "Libé", or Pierre Haski, deputy editor, present since 1981, were about to resign end of January 2007 (on a total of 276 employees). With the 55 others employees who left the newspaper end of 2005, this makes a total of about 150 persons who were dismissed since Rothschild's entrance to the capital, not including tens of resignations (Florence Aubenas, Dominique Simonnot, Antoine de Baecque, Jean Hatzfeld...) [ [http://www.lemonde.fr/web/article/0,1-0@2-3236,36-858581@51-829464,0.html "Libération" : 62 candidats au départ] , "Le Monde", January 23, 2007 - URL accessed on January 23, 2007 fr icon ]

In May 2007, former "Libération" journalists, including Pierre Haski or Pascal Riché (Op-Ed editor of "Libération") created the news website "Rue 89".

Circulation statistics

ee also

* "Le Monde"
* "Le Figaro"
* "L'Humanité"
* "La Croix"
* "Les Echos"
* "La Tribune"

References

External links

* [http://www.liberation.fr Libération's WWW site]
* [http://www.ojd.com/engine/adhchif/chif_fiche.php?adhid=526 OJD]