Staplehurst rail crash

The Staplehurst rail crash was a railway accident at Staplehurst, Kent, England, which took place on 9 June 1865 and in which ten passengers were killed and 49 seriously injured. It is particularly remembered for its effects on the novelist Charles Dickens, who was travelling as a passenger in a front, first class carriage on the boat train returning from France, with his companions Ellen Ternan and her mother.

The track was in the process of being renovated at Staplehurst, at a spot where the rails ran over a low cast iron girder bridge over the River Beult. The timing of the train, the Folkestone Boat Express, varied with the tides which governed the arrival of ships at the port. The foreman had mistakenly thought that the train would arrive later than it did, and the final two rails had not been replaced. The foreman had posted a lookout, but he was not far away enough to give adequate warning to the fast approaching train. It managed to reach the far side of the bridge by moving on the timber baulks supporting the rails, but the girders below cracked, and most of the carriages fell into the small brook under the viaduct.

Charles Dickens

Dickens, and the manuscript of a novel in progress, were in one of the few carriages which did not fall (it is possibly the one leaning at an angle, in front of the guard's van at right in the picture):

cquote
On Friday the Ninth of June in the present year, Mr and Mrs Boffin (in their manuscript dress of receiving Mr and Mrs Lammle at breakfast) were on the South Eastern Railway with me, in a terribly destructive accident. When I had done what I could to help others, I climbed back into my carriage—nearly turned over a viaduct, and caught aslant upon the turn—to extricate the worthy couple. They were much soiled, but otherwise unhurt. The same happy result attended Miss Bella Wilfer on her wedding day, and Mr Riderhood inspecting Bradley Headstone's red neckerchief as he lay asleep. I remember with devout thankfulness that I can never be much nearer parting company with my readers for ever, than I was then, until there shall be written against my life, the two words with which I have this day closed this book:—THE END --"Postscript to "Our Mutual Friend", Dickens"
This profound experience affected Dickens psychologically for the rest of his life. He wrote a short story some time after the accident, a ghost story called "The Signal-Man", in which one of the principal incidents is a rail crash in a tunnel. Though Dickens possibly based his fictional crash upon the events of the terrible and well-known Clayton Tunnel accident of 1861 (23 dead, 176 injured), rather than the Staplehurst crash, it is reasonable to suppose that his personal involvement in the Staplehurst incident inspired the harrowing tale. But he also included a fatal fall from a train and the signalman's own demise, as foretold by a spectre who appears to him before every accident. Dickens was deeply affected by the experience, and was extremely nervous when travelling by train; he tried to avoid train travel, using alternative means when available. It is also reasonable to suppose that the psychological effects and anxiety of the crash helped to shorten his life; he died five years to the day after the accident.

External links

* [http://www.railwaysarchive.co.uk/documents/BoT_Staple1865.pdf Accident report - PDF file (1862)]
* [http://www.mytimemachine.co.uk/dickens.htm Charles Dickens survives a train crash] The text of a letter sent by Dickens after the Staplehurst rail crash of 1865
* http://www.perryweb.com/Dickens/life_stap.shtml Brief account of crash with Dickens involvement
* http://humwww.ucsc.edu/Dickens/OMF/ackroyd.html Dickens and the crash
* http://www.gresham.ac.uk/printtranscript.asp?EventId=520 Dickens and the railways

References

*L. T. C. Rolt - "Red for Danger: the classic history of railway accidents". Sutton Publishing (1998)
*PR Lewis, "Disaster on the Dee: Robert Stephenson's Nemesis of 1847", Tempus Publishing (2007) ISBN 978 0 7524 4266 2
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