Tenrecidae

Taxobox
name = Tenrecidae
fossil_range = Early Miocene to Recentcite book |author= Savage, RJG, & Long, MR|year=1986 |title= Mammal Evolution: an illustrated guide|publisher= Facts on File|location=New York|pages= 53|isbn= 0-8160-1194-X]

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image_width = 240px
image_caption = "Tenrec ecaudatus"
regnum = Animalia
phylum = Chordata
classis = Mammalia
ordo = Afrosoricida
subordo = Tenrecomorpha
subordo_authority = Butler, 1972
familia = Tenrecidae
familia_authority = Gray, 1821
subdivision_ranks = Subfamilies
subdivision =
*Geogalinae
*Oryzorictinae
*Potamogalinae
*Tenrecinae

Tenrecidae (common name tenrecs) is a family of mammals found on Madagascar and parts of Africa. Tenrecs are widely diverse, resembling hedgehogs, shrews, opossums, mice and even otters, as a result of parallel evolution. They can occupy several environments including aquatic, arboreal, terrestrial and fossorial. Some of these species can be found in the Madagascar dry deciduous forests, including the Greater Hedgehog Tenrec.

Characteristics

Tenrecs are small mammals of variable body form. The smallest species are the size of shrews, with a body length of around 4.5 cm, and weighing just 5 grams, while the largest, the Common Tenrec, is 25 to 39 cm in length, and can weigh over a kilogramcite book |editor=Macdonald, D.|author= Nicholl, Martin|year=1984 |title= The Encyclopedia of Mammals|publisher= Facts on File|location=New York|pages= 744-747|isbn= 0-87196-871-1] . Although they may resemble such animals as shrews, hedgehogs, or otters, they are not closely related to any of these groups, their closest relatives being the golden moles of southern Africa.

Unusually among placental mammals, the anus and urogenital tracts of tenrecs share a common opening, or cloaca, a feature more commonly seen in birds, reptiles, and amphibians. They have a low body temperature, sufficiently so that they do not require a scrotum to cool their sperm as most other mammals do.

All species appear to be at least somewhat omnivorous, with invertebrates forming the largest part of the diet. Most species are nocturnal and have poor eyesight. Their other senses are well developed, however, and they have especially sensitive whiskers. As with many of their other features, the dental formula of tenrecs varies greatly between species; they can have anything from 32 to 42 teeth in total.

Tenrecs have a gestation period of from 50 to 64 days, and give birth to a number of relatively undeveloped young. While the otter shrews have just two young per litter, the Common Tenrec can have as many as 32, and females possess up to 29 teats, more than any other mammal. At least some species of tenrec are social, living in multi-generational family groups with over a dozen individuals.

Use

In the island nation of Mauritius, tenrec meat is a source of food, providing variety in a diet that consists largely of fish. They are hunted at night in a traditional manner using wooden clubs.

The Lesser Hedgehog Tenrec ("Echinops telfairi") is one of 16 mammalian species that will have its genome sequenced as part of the Mammalian Genome Project.

pecies

There are four subfamilies, 10 genera, and 30 species of tenrecs.

FAMILY TENRECIDAE
* Subfamily Geogalinae
** Genus "Geogale"
*** Large-eared Tenrec ("Geogale aurita")
* Subfamily Oryzorictinae
** Genus "Limnogale"
*** Web-footed Tenrec ("Limnogale mergulus")
** Genus "Microgale"
*** Short-tailed Shrew Tenrec ("Microgale brevicaudata")
*** Cowan's Shrew Tenrec ("Microgale cowani")
*** Dobson's Shrew Tenrec ("Microgale dobsoni")
*** Drouhard's Shrew Tenrec ("Microgale drouhardi")
*** Dryad Shrew Tenrec ("Microgale dryas")
*** Pale Shrew Tenrec ("Microgale fotsifotsy")
*** Gracile Shrew Tenrec ("Microgale gracilis")
*** Naked-nosed Shrew Tenrec ("Microgale gymnorhyncha")
*** "Microgale jobihely"
*** Lesser Long-tailed Shrew Tenrec ("Microgale longicaudata")
*** Montane Shrew Tenrec ("Microgale monticola")
*** Nasolo's Shrew Tenrec ("Microgale nasoloi")
*** Pygmy Shrew Tenrec ("Microgale parvula")
*** Greater Long-tailed Shrew Tenrec ("Microgale principula")
*** Least Shrew Tenrec ("Microgale pusilla")
*** Shrew-toothed Shrew Tenrec ("Microgale soricoides")
*** Taiva Shrew Tenrec ("Microgale taiva")
*** Talazac's Shrew Tenrec ("Microgale talazaci")
*** Thomas's Shrew Tenrec ("Microgale thomasi")
** Genus "Oryzorictes"
*** Mole-like Rice Tenrec ("Oryzorictes hova")
*** Four-toed Rice Tenrec ("Oryzorictes tetradactylus")
* Subfamily Potamogalinae
** Genus "Micropotamogale"
*** Nimba Otter Shrew ("Micropotamogale lamottei")
*** Ruwenzori Otter Shrew ("Micropotamogale ruwenzorii")
** Genus "Potamogale"
*** Giant Otter Shrew ("Potamogale velox")
* Subfamily Tenrecinae
** Genus "Echinops"
*** Lesser Hedgehog Tenrec ("Echinops telfairi")
** Genus "Hemicentetes"
*** Highland Streaked Tenrec ("Hemicentetes nigriceps")
*** Lowland Streaked Tenrec ("Hemicentetes semispinosus")
** Genus "Setifer"
*** Greater Hedgehog Tenrec ("Setifer setosus")
** Genus "Tenrec"
*** Common Tenrec ("Tenrec ecaudatus")

ee also

*Convergent evolution

References

*MSW3 Bronner|pages=72-77