Scarlett O'Hara

Infobox character
colour = #DEDEE2
name = Scarlett O'Hara


caption = Vivien Leigh as "Scarlett O'Hara"
first = "Gone with the Wind"
last =
cause =
nickname = Scarlett
alias =
species =
gender = Female
age = 16 at the beginning of the novel, 28 at the end.
born = 1845
death =
occupation =
title =
family =
spouse = Charles Hamilton
Frank Kennedy
Rhett Butler
children = Wade Hampton Hamilton (son via Charles Hamilton)
Ella Lorena Kennedy (daughter via Frank Kennedy)
Eugenie Victoria "Bonnie Blue" Butler (daughter via Rhett Butler, deceased)
miscarried Butler (child via Rhett Butler, deceased)
Katie Colum "Cat" Butler (daughter via Rhett Butler)
relatives = Gerald O'Hara (father)
Ellen Robillard (mother)
Suellen O'Hara (sister)
Carreen O'Hara (sister)
Gerald O'Hara Jr. (three deceased brothers)
episode =
portrayer = Vivien Leigh (Gone with the Wind)
Joanne Whalley (Scarlett)
creator = Margaret Mitchell

Scarlett O'Hara (full name Katie Scarlett O'Hara Hamilton Kennedy Butler) is the protagonist in Margaret Mitchell's 1936 novel "Gone with the Wind" and in the later film of the same name. She also is the main character in the 1970 musical "Scarlett" and the 1991 book "Scarlett", a sequel to "Gone with the Wind" that was written by Alexandra Ripley and adapted for a television mini-series in 1994. During early drafts of the original novel, Mitchell referred to her heroine as "Pansy", and did not decide on the name "Scarlett" until just before the novel went to print.

Character development

Scarlett O'Hara is not beautiful in a conventional sense, as indicated by Margaret Mitchell's opening line, but a charming Southern belle who grows up on a Clayton County, Georgia plantation named after Tara in the years before the American Civil War. Scarlett is described as being sixteen years old at the outbreak of the Civil War in April 1861, which would put her approximate birth date in 1844 or early 1845. She is the oldest of three daughters born to Irish-born plantation owner Gerald O'Hara and his wife Ellen, a French-born woman, daughter of an aristocrat. She has two younger sisters: the lazy and whiny Susan Elinor ("Suellen") and the gentle and kind Caroline Irene ("Carreen"). Her mother also gave birth to three younger sons, who were all named Gerald Jr. and died as infants.

Selfish, shrewd and vain, Scarlett inherits the strong will of her Irish father Gerald O'Hara, but also desires to please her well-bred, gentle French American mother Ellen Robillard, from a good and well respected Savannah, Georgia family.

Scarlett believes she's in love with Ashley Wilkes, her aristocratic neighbor, but when his engagement to meek and mild-mannered Melanie Hamilton is announced, she marries Melanie's brother, Charles Hamilton, out of spite. Her new husband dies early in the war, and Tara falls into the marauding hands of the Yankees.

In the face of hardship, the spoiled Scarlett uncharacteristically shoulders the troubles of her family and friends, and eventually the not-so-grieving widow marries her sister's beau, Frank Kennedy, in order to get funds to pay the taxes on and save her family's beloved home. Her practical nature leads to a willingness to step on anyone who doesn't have her family's best interests at heart, including her own sister.

One of the most richly developed female characters of the time on film and in literature, she repeatedly challenges the prescribed women's roles of her time. As a result, she becomes very disliked by the people of Atlanta, Georgia. Scarlett's ongoing internal conflict between her feelings for the Southern gentleman Ashley and her attraction to the sardonic, opportunistic Rhett Butler—who becomes her third husband—embodies the general position of The South in the Civil War era.

"Scarlett", a sequel written after Mitchell's death by Alexandra Ripley, was a controversial best-seller after its publication in 1991.

earching for Scarlett

In the 1939 film version of "Gone with the Wind", Scarlett O'Hara is similar to the character in the original novel, but there are some noticeable differences. In the book, Scarlett gives birth to three children: Wade Hampton Hamilton, Ella Lorena Kennedy, and Eugenie Victoria "Bonnie" Butler. In the film version, only Bonnie is featured. In the sequel book,"Scarlett", she has another daughter with Rhett, Katie Colum O'Hara more commonly known as "Cat".

While the studio and the public agreed that the part of Rhett Butler should go to Clark Gable (except for Clark Gable himself), casting for the role of Scarlett was a little harder. The search for an actress to play Scarlett in the film version of the novel famously drew the biggest names in the history of cinema, such as Bette Davis (whose casting as a Southern belle in "Jezebel" in 1937 took her out of contention), and Katharine Hepburn, who went so far as demanding an appointment with producer David O. Selznick and saying, "I am Scarlett O'Hara! The role is practically written for me." David replied rather bluntly, "I can't imagine Rhett Butler chasing you for ten years." Jean Arthur and Lucille Ball were also considered, as well as relatively unknown actress Doris Davenport. Susan Hayward was "discovered" when she tested for the part, and the career of Lana Turner developed quickly after her screen test. Joan Bennett was widely considered to be the most likely choice until she was supplanted by Paulette Goddard.

The young English actress Vivien Leigh, virtually unknown in America, saw that several English actors, including Ronald Colman and Leslie Howard, were in consideration for the male leads in "Gone with the Wind". Her agent happened to be the London representative of the Myron Selznick talent agency, headed by David Selznick's brother, a co-owner of Selznick International Pictures. Leigh asked her agent to put her name into consideration as Scarlett on the eve of the American release of her picture "Fire Over England" in February 1938. David Selznick watched both "Fire Over England" and her most recent picture, "A Yank at Oxford", that month, and from that time onward, Leigh had the inside track for the role of Scarlett. Selznick began highly confidential negotiations with Alexander Korda, to whom Leigh was under contract, for her services later that year. Leigh was informed of Selznick's interest, and told that she would not need to screen test for the role at present as he would view her movies.

For publicity purposes, David Selznick arranged to first meet Leigh on the night in December 1938 when the burning of the Atlanta Depot was being filmed on the Forty Acres backlot that Selznick International and RKO shared. The story was invented for the press that Leigh and Laurence Olivier were just visiting as guests of Myron Selznick, who was also Olivier's agent, and that Leigh was in Hollywood hoping for a part in Olivier's current movie, "Wuthering Heights". In a letter to Selznick's wife two days later, he admitted that Leigh was "the Scarlett dark horse," and after a series of screen tests, her casting was announced on January 13, 1939. Just before the shooting of the film, Selznick informed Ed Sullivan: "Scarlett O'Hara's parents were French and Irish. Identically, Miss Leigh's parents are French and Irish." [ [http://www.hrc.utexas.edu/exhibitions/online/gwtw/scarlett/sullivan.html Letter from David O. Selznick to Ed Sullivan] Jan. 7, 1939. Research by Leigh's biographer Michelangelo Capua has called into question both ancestral claims.]

In any case, Leigh was cast—despite public protest that the role was too "American" for an English actress—and Leigh eventually won an Academy Award for her performance.

Adaptations

In the 1994 TV mini-series based on the sequel "Scarlett", the character was played by English actress Joanne Whalley.

In the Margaret Martin musical Gone With The Wind, the role of Scarlett O'Hara was originated by Jill Paice.

Characteristics

Part of Scarlett's enduring charm for women is her proto-feminism and strength, though recent critics have pointed out that many events in the novel are degrading to women. There is Rhett's ravishing of Scarlett (after which Scarlett is shown to have enjoyed herself immensely), Scarlett's apparent need of a man to be happy (whether it's Ashley Wilkes or Rhett Butler), and Melanie's sweet but submissive character (who is much adored by everyone).

However, there have been many defenses for this. First of all, Melanie is not offensive to women, she is simply a more traditional character - she has equal determination as Scarlett (see the scene in Tara when Scarlett kills a Northern soldier who wanted to loot the house; Melanie helps hide the corpse). Many believe the 'rape scene' quickly becomes consensual (this theory is backed by the novel "Scarlett", although it was not written by Mitchell). And again, Scarlett is an individual character, and her need for a man should not be interpreted as universal. (Indeed, her three marriages obviously have ulterior motive, whether these motives are to upset and startle those around her, such as the Hamilton marriage, or for financial security and betterment, for which Scarlett married both Kennedy and Butler.)

Scarlett is by far the most developed character in "Gone with the Wind". She stands out because she is strong and saves her family but is incredibly selfish and petty at the same time. She challenges nineteenth-century society's gender roles repeatedly, running a store and two lumber mills at one point. Scarlett is in some ways the least stereotypically feminine of women (in other ways the most), and the more traditional Melanie Wilkes is in many ways her foil. But Scarlett survives the war, several marriages, the birth of children, and even a miscarriage. Melanie, on the other hand, struggles with fragile health and a shy nature. Without Melanie Wilkes, Scarlett might simply be seen as harsh and "over the top," but beside Melanie, Scarlett presents a fresher, deeper female characterization; she lives a complicated life during a difficult period of history.

Some of Scarlett's lines from "Gone with the Wind", like "Fiddle-dee-dee!," "Tomorrow is another day," "Great balls of fire!" and "I'll never go hungry again!", have become modern catchphrases.

Similarities between Scarlett and the actress who played her (Vivien Leigh) are striking:

*Both had strong career ambitions, and wanted little to do with motherhood. Both swore they would never again have a child.
*Scarlett's father was Irish, and her mother was French. Leigh's mother was Irish and father was French. [ [http://www.hrc.utexas.edu/exhibitions/online/gwtw/scarlett/Leighbio.html HRC Online Exhibition - The University Of Texas At Austin] Vivien Leigh: The Search For Scarlett: Gone With The Wind]
*Both Scarlett and Leigh were famed for their appearance, their heart-shaped faces, their unusual eyes, and petite body proportions.
*Both were reputed to be "difficult" in relationships.

Historical sources for the character

While Margaret Mitchell used to say that her "Gone with The Wind" characters were not based on real people, modern researchers have found similarities to some of the people in Mitchell's own life as well as individuals she heard of. Rhett Butler is thought to be based on Mitchell's first husband, Red Upshaw, who reportedly raped her during their brief marriage. Scarlett's upbringing resembled that of Mitchell's maternal grandmother, Annie Fitzgerald Stephens, who was raised on a plantation in Clayton County, Georgia (where the fictional Tara was placed), and whose father was an Irish immigrant. Another source for Scarlett might have been Martha Bulloch, the mother of US president Theodore Roosevelt. Like the fictional "Tara," Martha grew up in a beautiful southern mansion, Bulloch Hall, just north of Atlanta, Georgia. Her physical appearance, beauty, grace, intelligence were well known to Mitchell and the personality similarities (the positive ones) between Martha, who was also called Mittie, and Scarlett were striking. Some say that some of Scarlett's plotting and scheming aspects might have been drawn from Martha Bulloch Roosevelt's beautiful and vivacious, independently wealthy and grandparent-spoiled, rebellious and attention-seeking granddaughter, Alice Roosevelt Longworth.

References in popular culture

*In 1963 Jet Harris and Tony Meehan released a song called "Scarlett O'Hara"

*The cartoon and toy series, , has a character who is an Atlanta, Georgia, born female soldier with the name Shana O'Hara and the code name Scarlett.

*Singer/songwriter Matthew Dunley references Scarlett O'Hara in his song "Ruby Skies."

*In the hit T.V. show, The Golden Girls, Dorothy often calls Blanche "Scarlett".

*On The Carol Burnett Show, Carol Burnett plays Starlett O'Hara, a parody of Scarlett O'Hara, in the sketch "Went with the Wind".
*In the film "", the best friend of little John is called Will Scarlett O'Hara, and they both come from Georgia. This is a direct reference to Scarlett in "Gone with the Wind".

*In the 2005 Japanese animation movie, "Steamboy", the granddaughter of the chairman of the "O'Hara Foundation" is called Scarlett.

*In the film "Four Weddings and a Funeral" the character Scarlett introduces herself at a wedding, stating that she's named after Scarlett O'Hara "but is much less trouble."

*On Foxy Brown's debut album Il Na Na, on the track titled "Holy Matrimony (Letter To The Firm)" Foxy Brown raps, "....we lion hearted, never dear departed, I mean, you fuckin' with Scarlett O'Hara...."

*In the hit Bravo reality show "Project Runway", they refer to a specific avant-garde dress as a cheap version of Scarlett O'Hara

*In the 1985 movie Clue, the foremost final words of butler Wadsworth in the first ending of the movie are: 'Frankly, Scarlett, I don't give a damn.' as a reference to Rhett Butler in his final words to Scarlett O'Hara.

*Scarlett O' Hara serves as vocalist Danny Stills' (from a post-hardcore band, Drop Dead, Gorgeous)alias in his own solo-works.

*In the show "That 70's Show", Kitty says she likes to pretend she is Scarlett O'Hara when she is bringing groceries into the house. She says "As God as my witness, I'm never going to be hungry again".

*Essie has a nail polish called "Scarlett O'Hara."

*In the Japanese anime "Wedding Peach", Angel Salvia's human identity is named Scarlett O'Hara.

*In the book 'Longer Letter Later' and its sequel, 'Snail Mail No More' by Paula Danzinger and Ann M. Martin, one of the main characters are named Tara-Starr after the plantation, and her sister is named Scarlett.

*Scarlet O' Hara, a metalcore band from Columbus, GA, took its name from the novel, though the band didn't realize the misspelling until their first run of shirts came back from printing.

References