- Peruvian real
The real was the currency of
Peru until 1863. Sixteen silver reales equalled one gold escudo. The silver coin of 8 reales was also known as the peso.History
Initially, the
Spanish colonial real was minted. This was replaced by Peruvian currency following liberation in 1826, although the first issues of the Peruvian Republic were made in 1822. The real was replaced in 1863 by the sol at a rate of 1 sol = 10 reales.Coins
During the colonial period, silver coins were minted in denominations of ¼, ½, 1, 2, 4 and 8 reales, with gold coins for ½, 1, 2, 4 and 8 escudos. In 1822, a provisional coinage was issued in the name of the Republic of Peru in denominations of ¼ real, ⅛ and ¼ peso (equal to 1 and 2 reales) and 8 reales. Except for the silver 8 reales, these coins were minted in copper. From 1826, a regular coinage was issued which consisted of the same silver and gold denominations as had been issued during the colonial period.
During the period 1836-1839, when Peru was part of the
Peru-Bolivian Confederation , the States and then Republics of North andSouth Peru issued their own coins. North Peru issued ½, 1, and 8 reales, ½, 1, 2, 4 and 8 escudos whilst South Peru issued ½, 2, 4 and 8 reales, ½, 1 and 8 escudos.In 1856, production of all coins ceased. Smaller ½ and 1 real coins were introduced in 1858 and 1859, respectively, along with 50 centimos in 1858 and then 25 and 50 centavos in 1859. Redesigned 4 and 8 reales coins were minted in 1862 and 1863. This transitional phase of coinage was replaced by a fully decimalized system in 1863.
Banknotes
Auxiliary Bank of Paper Money
Under the Protectoral Decree of General
José de San Martín on December 14, 1821, the "Emisión Bank" was created, better known as the Bank of Emancipation ("Banco de la Emancipación"). It started to operate on February 7, 1822 but was closed by a decree of PresidentJosé de la Riva Agüero in June 4, 1823, with public burning of the bills. The bank issued notes for 2 and 4 reales and 1 peso (8 reales).Private Banks
The first private bank founded in Peru was the "Banco La Providencia" in September 1862. Between July 1863 and 1866, notes were issued for 5, 10, 25, 50, 100, 200 and 500 pesos. After 1867, the notes for 25 and 100 pesos were exchanged for 20 and 80 soles respectively.
The "Banco del Perú" (Bank of Peru) was established on May 23, 1863 and from August of the same year issued notes for 5, 10, 100 and 500 pesos. Since 1867, this bank has issued notes denominated in soles.
The "London and South American Bank" (later the "London Bank of Mexico and South America") was a British bank founded in
London in 1863 which opened its first subsidiary in August 1863 inLima . It became the principal bank in South America and issued notes for 5, 25, 100 and 1000 pesos.References
*Numis cite SCWC|date=1991
*Numis cite SCWPM|date=1990.s
*cite book | title=Historia de los Bancos en el Peru (1860-1879)|author=Carlos Camprubí| publisher=Editorial Lumen S.A.| year=1957
*cite book | title=Monedas del Perú de 1751 a 1978|edition= 1th ed. |author=Cesar Fishman| publisher=Servicios de Artes Gráficas S.A. | year=1979
*cite book | title=Paper Money of Peru (1822-1977)|edition= 1th ed. |author=Anibal Zarauz Castelnau| publisher=Leoncio Prado Military School | year=1979External links
Standard numismatics external links
world_coin_gallery_1_url = Peru
world_coin_gallery_1_name = Peru
banknote_world_1_url =
banknote_world_1_name =
dollarization_1_url =
dollarization_1_name =
gfd_1_url = Peru
gfd_1_name = Peru
gfd_data_1_url = 5188
gfd_data_1_name = Peru real
show_gfd_excel = Y
Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.
