Weka (machine learning)

Weka (machine learning)

Infobox Software
name = Weka


caption = Weka 3.5.5 with Explorer window open with Iris UCI dataset
developer = University of Waikato
latest_release_version = 3.4.13 (book), 3.5.8 (developer)
latest_release_date = July 16, 2008
operating_system = Cross-platform
genre = Machine Learning
license = GPL
website = [http://www.cs.waikato.ac.nz/~ml/weka/ www.cs.waikato.ac.nz/~ml/weka/]

Weka (Waikato Environment for Knowledge Analysis) is a popular suite of machine learning software written in Java, developed at the University of Waikato. WEKA is free software available under the GNU General Public License.

Description

The Weka workbench [cite web |url=http://www.cs.waikato.ac.nz/~ml/weka/book.html |title=Data Mining: Practical machine learning tools and techniques, 2nd Edition |accessdate=2007-06-25 |author=Ian H. Witten |coauthors=Eibe Frank |year=2005 |publisher=Morgan Kaufmann, San Francisco ] contains a collection of visualization tools and algorithms for data analysis and predictive modelling, together with graphical user interfaces for easy access to this functionality. The original non-Java version of Weka was a TCL/TK front-end to (mostly third-party) modelling algorithms implemented in other programming languages, plus data preprocessing utilities in C, and a Makefile-based system for running machine learning experiments. This original version was primarily designed as a tool for analyzing data from agricultural domains, [cite web |url=http://www.cs.waikato.ac.nz/~ml/publications/1994/Holmes-ANZIIS-WEKA.pdf |title=Weka: A machine learning workbench |accessdate=2007-06-25 |author=G. Holmes |coauthors=A. Donkin and I.H. Witten |year=1994 |work=Proc Second Australia and New Zealand Conference on Intelligent Information Systems, Brisbane, Australia ] [cite web |url=http://www.cs.waikato.ac.nz/~ml/publications/1995/Garner95-imlc95.pdf |title=Applying a machine learning workbench: Experience with agricultural databases |accessdate=2007-06-25 |author=S.R. Garner |coauthors=S.J. Cunningham, G. Holmes, C.G. Nevill-Manning, and I.H. Witten |year=1995 |work=Proc Machine Learning in Practice Workshop, Machine Learning Conference, Tahoe City, CA, USA |pages=14-21 ] but the more recent fully Java-based version (Weka 3), for which development started in 1997, is now used in many different application areas, in particular for educational purposes and research. The main strengths of Weka are that it is
* freely available under the GNU General Public License,
* very portable because it is fully implemented in the Java programming language and thus runs on almost any computing platform,
* contains a comprehensive collection of data preprocessing and modeling techniques, and
* is easy to use by a novice due to the graphical user interfaces it contains.

Weka supports several standard data mining tasks, more specifically, data preprocessing, clustering, classification, regression, visualization, and feature selection. All of Weka's techniques are predicated on the assumption that the data is available as a single flat file or relation, where each data point is described by a fixed number of attributes (normally, numeric or nominal attributes, but some other attribute types are also supported). Weka provides access to SQL databases using Java Database Connectivity and can process the result returned by a database query. It is not capable of multi-relational data mining, but there is separate software for converting a collection of linked database tables into a single table that is suitable for processing using Weka [cite web |url=http://www.cs.waikato.ac.nz/~eibe/pubs/reutemann_et_al.ps.gz |title=Proper: A Toolbox for Learning from Relational Data with Propositional and Multi-Instance Learners |accessdate=2007-06-25 |author=P. Reutemann |coauthors=B. Pfahringer and E. Frank |year=2004 |work=17th Australian Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AI2004) |publisher=Springer-Verlag ] . Another important area that is currently not covered by the algorithms included in the Weka distribution is sequence modeling.

Weka's main user interface is the "Explorer", but essentially the same functionality can be accessed through the component-based "Knowledge Flow" interface and from the command line. There is also the "Experimenter", which allows the systematic comparison of the predictive performance of Weka's machine learning algorithms on a collection of datasets.

The "Explorer" interface has several panels that give access to the main components of the workbench. The "Preprocess" panel has facilities for importing data from a database, a CSV file, etc., and for preprocessing this data using a so-called "filtering" algorithm. These filters can be used to transform the data (e.g., turning numeric attributes into discrete ones) and make it possible to delete instances and attributes according to specific criteria. The "Classify" panel enables the user to apply classification and regression algorithms (indiscriminately called "classifiers" in Weka) to the resulting dataset, to estimate the accuracy of the resulting predictive model, and to visualize erroneous predictions, ROC curves, etc., or the model itself (if the model is amenable to visualization like, e.g., a decision tree). The "Associate" panel provides access to association rule learners that attempt to identify all important interrelationships between attributes in the data. The "Cluster" panel gives access to the clustering techniques in Weka, e.g., the simple k-means algorithm. There is also an implementation of the expectation maximization algorithm for learning a mixture of normal distributions. The next panel, "Select attributes" provides algorithms for identifying the most predictive attributes in a dataset. The last panel, "Visualize", shows a scatter plot matrix, where individual scatter plots can be selected and enlarged, and analyzed further using various selection operators.

History

* In 1993, the University of Waikato in New Zealand started development of the original version of Weka (which became a mixture of TCL/TK, C, and Makefiles).
* In 1997, the decision was made to redevelop Weka from scratch in Java, including implementations of modelling algorithms. [cite web |url=http://www.cs.waikato.ac.nz/~ml/publications/1999/99IHW-EF-LT-MH-GH-SJC-Tools-Java.pdf |title=Weka: Practical Machine Learning Tools and Techniques with Java Implementations |accessdate=2007-06-26 |author=Ian H. Witten |coauthors=Eibe Frank, Len Trigg, Mark Hall, Geoffrey Holmes, and Sally Jo Cunningham |year=1999 |work=Proceedings of the ICONIP/ANZIIS/ANNES'99 Workshop on Emerging Knowledge Engineering and Connectionist-Based Information Systems |pages=192-196 ]
* In 2005, Weka receives the SIGKDD Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery Service Award [cite web |url=http://www.kdnuggets.com/news/2005/n13/2i.html |title=KDnuggets news on SIGKDD Service Award 2005 |accessdate=2007-06-25 |author=Gregory Piatetsky-Shapiro |date=2005-06-28 ] [cite web |url=http://www.acm.org/sigs/sigkdd/awards_service.php |title=Overview of SIGKDD Service Award winners |accessdate=2007-06-25 |year=2005 ]
* In 2006, Pentaho Corporation acquired an exclusive licence to use Weka for business intelligence. It forms the data mining and predictive analytics component of the Pentaho business intelligence suite.
* [http://sourceforge.net/top/topalltime.php?type=downloads All-time ranking] on Sourceforge.net as of 2007-06-25: 241 (with 907,318 downloads)

See also

* RapidMiner (formerly "YALE (Yet Another Learning Environment)") open-source machine learning framework implemented in Java fully integrating Weka
* List of numerical analysis software
* Data mining

References

External links

General

* [http://www.cs.waikato.ac.nz/ml/weka/ Weka Project home page at University of Waikato in New Zealand]
* [http://sourceforge.net/projects/weka/ Weka Project home page at SourceForge.net] ( [http://www.pentaho.org/news/releases/20060919_pentaho_acquires_weka.php acquired] by Pentaho in September 2006)
* [http://weka.sourceforge.net/wekadoc/ WekaDoc] - The documentation Wiki for WEKA
* [http://weka.sourceforge.net/wiki/ WekaWiki] - A Wiki with HOWTOs, code-snippets, etc.

Examples of applications

* [http://cogprints.org/4399/ Acronym identification]
* [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2004.11.001 Gene selection from microarray data for cancer classification]
* QSPR [http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ci0504216 of metal complexation]
* [http://mips.gsf.de/proj/est3 Classification] of Expressed sequence tag (EST) data from plant/pathogen interface
* [http://weka.sourceforge.net/wiki/index.php/Related_Projects Further related projects and applications]

Extended versions

* [http://grid.deis.unical.it/weka4ws Weka4WS: a Grid-enabled version of Weka developed at University of Calabria, Italy]


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